ISLAMIC LEGAL REVIEW OF PRE-ORDER SALES: CONTRACT CLASSIFICATION, CONSUMER PROTECTION, AND SHARIA-COMPLIANT DIGITAL COMMERCE IN INDONESIA
DOI:
10.47353/bj.v7i1.735
Published:
2026-10-12Downloads
Abstract
Pre-order sales are increasingly common in digital commerce, but their legal status remains uncertain when payment precedes production, product specifications change, or delivery is delayed. Although Islamic commercial law recognizes salam and istisna' contracts, neither applies automatically to every transaction labeled pre-order. Previous Indonesian studies have largely examined individual sellers or marketplaces, leaving the relationship among contract classification, platform-held payments, and consumer remedies insufficiently integrated. This study examines how pre-order transactions should be classified under Islamic law, which conditions determine their validity, and how Sharia requirements interact with Indonesian electronic-commerce regulations. Using doctrinal legal research, it analyzes Islamic legal principles, DSN-MUI fatwas, relevant legislation, and selected scholarly publications, primarily from 2022 to 2025. The analysis employs normative interpretation, comparison of legal sources, and assessments of hypothetical transaction scenarios without presenting original field data. Findings indicate that fully prepaid, clearly specified future goods generally fall under salam, while commissioned production is more appropriately governed by istisna'. A preliminary expression of interest does not constitute a completed sale. Deposits and platform-held payments require closer examination: DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 145/2021 recognizes escrow payment as cash payment in a specified dropshipping-salam arrangement, although its application beyond that context depends on contractual facts. The study proposes a six-stage compliance framework covering classification, disclosure, payment, deliverability, remedies, and documentary evidence.
Keywords:
Pre-order sales Islamic commercial law Salam contract Istisna' contract Digital Consumer ProtectionReferences
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