PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM DALAM TRANSAKSI CROSS-BORDER  E-COMMERCE STUDI KASUS SENGKETA KONSUMEN INTERNASIONAL

Imam Fathwa; Annie Myranika; Tri Susanto; Ratu Chumairoh Noor; Bayu Triwibowo

doi:10.47353/bj.v6i2.269

Authors

Imam Fathwa Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
Annie Myranika Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
Tri Susanto Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
Ratu Chumairoh Noor Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
Bayu Triwibowo Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47353/bj.v6i2.269

Keywords:

Cross-border e-commerce, Legal Liability, Consumer Protection, International Jurisdiction, Online Dispute Resolution

Abstract

The development of information and communication technology has transformed the global trade landscape through the emergence of cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border electronic transactions provide convenience for consumers in accessing international products, but simultaneously create significant legal complexities, particularly regarding legal liability and consumer dispute resolution. This study analyzes international and national legal frameworks governing liability in cross-border e-commerce transactions, with specific focus on case studies of international consumer disputes. Using normative legal research methods with a comparative approach, this research examines international conventions, EU regulations, ASEAN frameworks, and Indonesian legislation. The results indicate complex jurisdictional challenges in determining applicable law and competent forums, exacerbated by information asymmetry and negotiation power gaps between consumers and businesses. This study recommends regional legal harmonization through effective Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanisms and strengthening consumer protection based on consumer-priority jurisdiction principles to create legal certainty in cross-border e-commerce transactions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Buku

Cortés, Pablo, dan Fernando Esteban de la Rosa. Building a Global Redress System for Low-Value Cross-Border Disputes: An Appraisal of the UNCITRAL Rules on Online Dispute Resolution. University of Leicester, 2012.

Hodges, Christopher, Iris Benohr, dan Naomi Creutzfeldt-Banda. Consumer ADR in Europe. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2012.

Schultz, Thomas. "Private Legal Systems: What Cyberspace Might Teach Legal Theorists." Yale Journal of Law & Technology 10 (2007): 159.

Jurnal Ilmiah

Amelia, Tina, Evita Isretno Ishardi, dan Hidayati Hidayati. "Harmonizing Consumer Protection Laws: E-commerce as Digital Business in Indonesia." Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research 188 (2021): 1-6.

Chien, Tran Minh. "Cross-Border E-Commerce and Consumer Rights Protection: A Comparison Between ASEAN Law and Islamic Law Principles." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 23, no. 2 (2024): 123-145.

Meskic, Lejla, et al. "Legal Challenges of Consumer Protection in Cross-Border E-Commerce." Journal of Consumer Policy 45, no. 3 (2022): 389-412.

Mulyono, dan Titiek Guntari. "Implikasi Hukum Bisnis terhadap Perdagangan Digital: Analisis UU ITE dan PP No. 80 Tahun 2019." IBLAM Law Review 5, no. 1 (2025): 98-115.

Pratama, Rizky, dan Apriani. "Regulatory Impact of E-Commerce Laws in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Law and Technology 12, no. 2 (2024): 45-67.

Peraturan Perundang-Undangan

Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 1999 No. 42.

Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024. Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2008 No. 58.

Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik. Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2019 No. 80.

Uni Eropa. Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (Brussels Ia). Official Journal of the European UnionL 351, 20.12.2012.

Uni Eropa. Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations (Rome I). Official Journal of the European Union* L 177, 4.7.2008.

Dokumen Internasional

ASEAN. ASEAN Guidelines on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2023.

ASEAN. ASEAN Online Dispute Resolution Guidelines. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2022.

OECD. Recommendation on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2024.

UNCITRAL. Technical Notes on Online Dispute Resolution. New York: United Nations, 2016.

UNCITRAL. Model Law on Electronic Commerce. New York: United Nations, 1996.

UNCTAD. Review of E-commerce Legislation Harmonization in the ASEAN Region. Geneva: United Nations, 2013.

Sumber Lain

Clausius Press. "Study on Jurisdiction Issues in Cross-Border Online Consumer Contracts." Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Trade and Law (2025): 1-12.

Hague Conference on Private International Law. Electronic Commerce and International Jurisdiction. Preliminary Document No. 12, 2000.

Trans Atlantic Consumer Dialogue (TACD). Jurisdiction on Cross-Border Consumer Contracts. Doc No. ECOM-15-00, 2000.