About Journal BERAJAH JOURNAL Journal of Education, Learning, and Self Development ISSN: 2797-1805 | E-ISSN: 2797-1082 BERAJAH JOURNAL publishes articles about education and learning in general. Contains articles/research results written by experts, scientists, practitioners and reviewers in the fields of education and learning, as well as self-development in all social and scientific disciplines. BERAJAH JOURNAL accepts and publishes articles in Indonesian and English. Focus and Scope The scope of BERAJAH JOURNAL includes the following fields: Education Education and learning theory and foundation, Education and learning philosophy, Education and learning technology, Educational Psychology, Education and learning media, Education evaluation, Education Management, etc. Economics Development economics, applied economics, monetary economics, public economics, industrial economics, international and regional economics, natural resource economics, human resource economics, accounting, and sharia economics. Social Sciences Archeology, Anthropology, Geography, History, Law, Linguistics, Psychology, Sociology, Political, Information Systems, Expert system, etc. Psychological and Health Sciences Educational psychology, clinical psychology, developmental psychology, and social psychology, Medical science, nursing science, midwifery science, pharmacy, and nutritional science. The complete focus and scope of this journal can be checked via: Focus and Scope Download Journal Template ENGLISH INDONESIA Submit Your Work Prepare your manuscript and submit it to BERAJAH JOURNAL. Submit Now
EFFECTIVE PAI LEARNING STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING RELIGIOUS AWARENESS IN STUDENTS
Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Indonesia plays a central role in shaping student character. Therefore, learning strategies are considered the initial step that determines success in learning, particularly in increasing students' religious awareness. Furthermore, PAI learning strategies must reflect inherent Islamic values and produce Islamic behavior. Consequently, it is important to provide instruction with appropriate strategies so that students can apply them in society as a concrete form of their religious awareness. The purpose of this study is to discuss and determine PAI learning strategies considered effective in increasing religious awareness among students at PPS TQ TU Arroyyan Ujung Batu. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, and the results show that the religious awareness of the students at PPS TQ TU Arroyyan Ujung Batu varies for each child, but overall it is relatively similar, with a fairly good level of religious awareness. Approximately 75% of students have good religious awareness, while the remaining 25% have sufficient religious awareness. The majority of students already possess religious awareness, while a small minority do not yet have sufficiently good religious awareness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Wulan Ayu Lestari Damanik, Koko Khoerudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GURU DI ERA ALGORITMA: KAJIAN PUSTAKA SISTEMATIS ATAS TRANSFORMASI PERAN PENDIDIK, PERSONALISASI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS AI, DAN TANTANGAN ETIKA TEKNOLOGI DALAM PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education has triggered a fundamental transformation of the role of educators, learning paradigms, and the technological ethics landscape in Indonesia. This study employs a literature review to understand the dynamics of the transformation of the teacher’s role, the potential of AI-based personalised learning, and the accompanying ethical challenges within the context of Indonesian education. The findings reveal that the role of the teacher has evolved from a transmitter of knowledge to a learning designer, data-informed mentor, and ethical gatekeeper who orchestrates the synergy between human capacity and algorithmic systems. AI-based personalised learning demonstrates significant effectiveness in enhancing student learning outcomes, motivation, and autonomy through real-time diagnostic mechanisms, automatic curriculum adaptation, and intelligent content curation. However, the implementation of AI in education faces complex ethical challenges, including breaches of student data privacy, algorithmic bias that reinforces structural inequalities, a lack of algorithmic transparency, and the risk of over-reliance that erodes human cognitive capacity. This study recommends the development of a teacher competency framework integrating AI literacy and technology ethics, the strengthening of educational data protection regulations, the implementation of independent algorithmic audit mechanisms, and the adoption of human-centred design principles in the development of educational technology. The transformation of Indonesian education in the algorithmic era requires a collective commitment to building a harmonious, fair, and sustainable learning ecosystem, where AI functions as an empowering tool that reinforces, rather than replaces, the humanistic values of education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Busnawir, Abdul Wahab Syakhrani, Elmiwati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENERAPAN METODE ROLE PLAY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA ARAB PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V DI SD IT TUNAS INSAN CENDEKIA
This study was motivated by the low level of Arabic speaking skills (maharah kalam) among Year 5 pupils at SD IT Tunas Insan Cendekia, characterised by a lack of confidence in speaking, limited vocabulary, and poor learning outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the application of the role-play method in Arabic language teaching and to assess the improvement in pupils’ speaking skills following the implementation of this method. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, conducted over two cycles. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, oral tests, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that students’ speaking skills improved in each cycle, as evidenced by the average score rising from 69 in the pre-cycle stage to 74.1 in Cycle I, and further increasing to 85.3 in Cycle II, with a mastery rate of 88%. Furthermore, the students appeared more active, confident, and bold in practising Arabic dialogue. Thus, the application of the role-play method proved effective in improving students’ Arabic speaking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afifah Ardya Pusparani, Syaripudin Basyar, Ahmad Iqbal Hasan, Koderi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS YURIDIS PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN BEBAS BERBASIS DIGITAL (DIGITAL FTA) TINJAUAN ATAS KERANGKA HUKUM MULTILATERAL DAN REGIONAL DI ERA EKONOMI DIGITAL
The exponential growth of the digital economy has driven a fundamental transformation in the architecture of international trade, leading to the emergence of digital-based Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) or Digital Trade Agreements (DTAs). This study comprehensively analyses the legal framework of digital-based free trade agreements, focusing on three main aspects: (1) the evolution of digital regulation within the context of international trade law; (2) the harmonisation of digital standards between the models of the United States, the European Union, and ASEAN; and (3) the legal implications of the ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA) for Indonesia’s national legal system. Using a normative legal research method with a comparative approach and document analysis, this study examines 193 Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) containing e-commerce provisions that have been notified to the WTO up to 2024. The findings reveal regulatory fragmentation between the US data liberalisation model, which is market-oriented, and the European Union’s privacy protection model, which is based on fundamental rights. The ASEAN DEFA 2025 represents a legal innovation as the world’s first comprehensive regional digital economic agreement, yet faces implementation challenges regarding digital sovereignty, cross-border data protection, and regulatory capacity gaps among member states. This study recommends the development of a hybrid legal model that accommodates the digital development interests of developing nations without compromising regional economic integration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmat Wijaya, Annie Myranika, Gunarto Wardono, Agus Alqodri, Raliyanto Budi Wikarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TINJAUAN KRITIS ATAS PUTUSAN PANEL WTO DALAM SENGKETA EU-INDONESIA TENTANG MINYAK SAWIT DAN BIOFUEL (DS593/DS600) SERTA IMPLIKASINYA BAGI HUKUM PERDAGANGAN MULTILATERAL
This article analyses the WTO Panel’s ruling in the dispute European Union – Certain Measures Concerning Palm Oil and Oil Palm Crop-Based Biofuels (DS593/DS600) involving Indonesia, Malaysia and the European Union. The ruling, issued in January 2025, confirms the compatibility of the RED II legal framework with WTO rules, but identifies inconsistencies in the implementation of the Delegated Act regarding the classification of high-risk indirect land-use change (ILUC). This article examines the legal implications of the ruling regarding the principle of non-discrimination under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement), the balance between climate policy and trade obligations, and the dynamics of WTO dispute settlement system reform following MC13. The analysis employs a normative-comparative legal research method based on official WTO documents and the latest literature on international trade law. The research findings indicate that the Panel’s ruling establishes an important precedent regarding the limits on the legitimacy of unilateral actions based on environmental concerns within the multilateral framework, whilst also underscoring the urgency of Appellate Body reform to maintain the effectiveness of the WTO dispute settlement system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Fahrul Rozi, Annie Myranika, Ani Wahyuni, Regina Yura Fitriah Sari, Oky Rona Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TINJAUAN YURIDIS SENGKETA KEBIJAKAN EKSPOR NIKEL INDONESIA DI WTO DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KEDAULATAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM NEGARA BERKEMBANG
This study analyses the dispute over Indonesia’s nickel ore export policy at the World Trade Organization (WTO), initiated by the European Union (DS592), as a paradigmatic case in the conflict between international trade obligations and developing countries’ sovereignty over natural resources. Using a normative-empirical legal research method, this article examines the WTO Panel’s November 2022 ruling and Indonesia’s appeal, and relates these to recent developments in the reform of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) under UNCITRAL Working Group III. The study finds that this dispute illustrates a fundamental tension between GATT Article XX (general exceptions) and sustainable industrialisation policies. A comparative analysis with the Argentina Footwear and *China Raw Materials* cases demonstrates the evolution of WTO jurisprudence regarding natural resource conservation policies. Furthermore, this study critiques the deficiencies of the WTO Appellate Body and proposes a Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA) as an alternative mechanism. The implications of this dispute extend to the realm of international investment arbitration, where similar policies could potentially give rise to *indirect expropriation* claims under Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). The study recommends harmonising natural resource industrialisation policies with WTO provisions through an integrated sustainable development approach, as well as Indonesia’s participation in the MPIA to ensure access to effective appellate review.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmat Giling, Annie Myranika, Nursalim, Mahmuddin, Dany Wahyu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFEKTIVITAS UNCITRAL MODEL LAW ON ELECTRONIC TRANSFERABLE RECORDS (MLETR) 2017 DALAM MENDUKUNG DIGITALISASI PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL STUDI KOMPARATIF IMPLEMENTASI DI AUSTRALIA DAN REPUBLIK RAKYAT TIONGKOK SERTA IMPLIKASINYA BAGI INDONESIA
The digitisation of international trade documents is a strategic imperative in the era of the global digital economy. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has responded to this challenge through the 2017 Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR), which provides a legal framework for the recognition of transferable electronic documents. This study analyses the effectiveness of the MLETR in supporting the digitisation of international trade through a comparative study of its implementation in Australia and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), whilst also evaluating its implications for Indonesia. Using a normative legal research method and a comparative approach, this study finds that Australia adopted the MLETR through comprehensive federal-state harmonisation, whilst the PRC integrated the principles of the MLETR into the revision of the Maritime Law 1992. Both approaches demonstrate that the success of MLETR implementation depends on inter-jurisdictional coordination, technological infrastructure, and industry awareness. For Indonesia, which only ratified the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts 2005 in 2023, the implementation of the MLETR is a prerequisite for competitiveness in global digital trade. This study recommends the adoption of the MLETR through amendments to the ITE Law and the Trade Law, as well as the establishment of a National Electronic Trade Council to coordinate implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Nurafendi, Annie Myranika, Agus Eko Setyawan, Eduardo Retno, Ronald Pasrah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, MINAT INVESTASI DAN PENGGUNAAN FINTECH PAYMENT TERHADAP PERENCANAAN KEUANGAN PRIBADI
This study aims to examine the influence of financial literacy, investment interest, and the use of fintech payments on personal financial planning among students of the Totalwin College of Economics in Semarang City. This study applies a quantitative approach by data were gathered using questionnaires distributed to 95 respondents selected through a simple random sampling technique. The analysis employed multiple linear regression to assess the influence of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The findings indicate that financial literacy and investment interest have a positive and significant impact on students’ personal financial planning. This indicates that the higher the level of financial understanding and investment interest, the better the students’ ability to plan their finances. Meanwhile, the use of fintech payment does not show a significant effect on personal financial planning. This finding indicates that the convenience of digital payment technology is not always accompanied by good financial management behavior and may potentially increase consumptive behavior among students. In conclusion, improving financial literacy and investment interest are important factors in encouraging more effective personal financial planning among students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Yesi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI POLITIK PARTAI DALAM MENGHIMPUN ASPIRASI MASYARAKAT
The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to political communication practices, particularly in the way political parties interact with the public. Social media is no longer used solely as a channel for disseminating information but has also become a dialogical space for collecting public aspirations in a more participatory manner. In the context of South Sumatra, complex social conditions and relatively low levels of political participation require political parties to implement communication strategies that are more inclusive and responsive. This study aims to analyze the political communication strategies employed by the South Sumatra Regional Executive Board (DPD) of the Golkar Party in gathering public aspirations. This study adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Informants were selected using purposive sampling and included core party officials, communication teams or social media administrators, as well as community representatives who had interacted with the party’s communication programs. Data analysis was conducted descriptively by applying source and method triangulation to ensure data validity.The findings indicate that the South Sumatra DPD of the Golkar Party implements political communication strategies through the use of social media, the organization of face-to-face dialogue forums, and community-oriented social activities. These strategies contribute to building two-way communication, strengthening relationships with the public, and serving as effective mechanisms for collecting public aspirations. However, the study also identifies challenges related to limited public media literacy and the need to enhance the communication capacities of party officials. The study concludes that inclusive, dialogical, and locally adaptive political communication strategies can improve the effectiveness of public aspiration collection and strengthen the representative function of political parties at the regional level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kms. Umar Jayanegara, Intan Putri, Riko Fardiansyah, Agus Srimudin, Novasriandy, Mutiara Hikmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH FLUKTUASI NILAI TUKAR TERHADAP VOLUME EKSPOR KOMODITAS PERTANIAN TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL
This study analyses the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the volume of agricultural commodity exports from the perspective of economic law and international trade policy. Employing a normative-empirical legal research method with a policy analysis approach, this study examines the dynamics of exchange rate regulation, its legal implications for agricultural exports, and the policy framework that supports trade stability. The results indicate that exchange rate fluctuations have a significant impact on the volume of agricultural commodity exports, both in the short and long term. A stable exchange rate policy is a crucial prerequisite for enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural products in international markets. This study recommends the harmonisation of monetary and trade policies to protect the interests of agricultural businesses and strengthen Indonesia’s position in global trade.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aditya Putra Setyawan, Annie Myranika, Muhammad Fajar Alfahimi, Wisnu Cahyo Apriliyadi, Dwi Mani Suci Purwanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM DALAM TRANSAKSI CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE STUDI KASUS SENGKETA KONSUMEN INTERNASIONAL
The development of information and communication technology has transformed the global trade landscape through the emergence of cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border electronic transactions provide convenience for consumers in accessing international products, but simultaneously create significant legal complexities, particularly regarding legal liability and consumer dispute resolution. This study analyzes international and national legal frameworks governing liability in cross-border e-commerce transactions, with specific focus on case studies of international consumer disputes. Using normative legal research methods with a comparative approach, this research examines international conventions, EU regulations, ASEAN frameworks, and Indonesian legislation. The results indicate complex jurisdictional challenges in determining applicable law and competent forums, exacerbated by information asymmetry and negotiation power gaps between consumers and businesses. This study recommends regional legal harmonization through effective Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanisms and strengthening consumer protection based on consumer-priority jurisdiction principles to create legal certainty in cross-border e-commerce transactions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Fathwa, Annie Myranika, Tri Susanto, Ratu Chumairooh Noor, Bayu Triwibowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FRAGMENTASI HUKUM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DI ERA RIVALITAS GEOPOLITIK GLOBAL TANTANGAN MULTILATERALISME DAN PERAN REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
The increasingly multipolar nature of the global order has led to the fragmentation of the international trade law system, which was previously built upon the multilateral framework of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The crisis in the WTO’s Appellate Body since 2019, characterised by the United States’ practice of ‘appealing into the void’, has paralysed the two-tier dispute settlement mechanism that was the hallmark of the multilateral trading system. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), which have reached nearly 600 agreements by 2023, creating overlapping jurisdictions and inconsistent legal interpretations. This study examines, from a normative-legal perspective, how geopolitical rivalry between major powers—the United States, China, and Russia—is accelerating the fragmentation of international trade law through instruments such as economic sanctions, trade wars, and the formation of alternative economic blocs like BRICS. The analysis reveals that legal fragmentation not only threatens the principles of legal certainty and predictability in international trade relations, but also opens the door to the formation of a more adaptive pluralistic legal order in response to the dynamics of national economic security. The study’s conclusions recommend the need for fundamental reform of the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) through a critical mass-based plurilateral decision-making mechanism to address consensus paralysis, as well as the strengthening of ASEAN’s role as a mediator for regulatory harmonisation amidst global economic bloc competition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dadang Rachmat, Annie Myranika, Ervawati, Dede Agus Sodikin, Djamal Efendi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PELAKSANAAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DI PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN BAHAN GALIAN C (STUDI PADA PT. ALAM BARU JAYA GIANYAR)
In the laws and regulations of the Republic of Indonesia, there are several regulations that have regulated the obligation to use the CSR concept. The purpose of the study was to determine the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The empirical legal research method with a factual approach to field data collected through primary and secondary data types, both through interviews and literature studies, was analyzed descriptively (Descriptive analysis). The results of the analysis showed that the Implementation of the Corporate Social Responsibility program of PT. Alam Baru Jaya can be said to be less than optimal. This is indicated by the low realization of Corporate Social Responsibility which only carries out English language education activities, capital assistance through cooperation with cooperatives and seed assistance. obstacles and barriers both from within the Company and also from outside the Company. From within the Company, among others, limited human resources, limited financial resources/budget, while obstacles from external organizations, namely from the community or the company environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Putu Ngurah Aldeva Wijaya Putra, Komang Satria Wibawa Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TRANSFORMASI SISTEM PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN MENDALAM: SEBUAH ANALISIS PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN
Educational transformation in Indonesia is entering a crucial phase with the strengthening of the Deep Learning paradigm as a primary instrument to reconstruct the National Education System (Sisdiknas). This study aims to dissect the implementation dynamics of Deep Learning by mapping strategic opportunities and systemic challenges. Employing a qualitative method with a library research approach, this study critically synthesizes the latest regulatory documents, pedagogical literature, and policy implementation reports across regions. The findings indicate that Deep Learning offers transformative opportunities through the "less is more" principle, focusing the curriculum on essential materials to foster critical reasoning. Its three main pillars—Mindful Learning, which respects student uniqueness; Meaningful Learning, which connects theory with reality; and Joyful Learning, which creates a humanizing learning ecosystem—serve as a strong foundation to organically integrate the eight dimensions of the graduate profile into learning. This transformation marks a shift toward more holistic character education. However, the analysis reveals significant challenges, notably a mindset shock among educators accustomed to conventional one-way instructional patterns. Furthermore, administrative hurdles at the local level and technological infrastructure disparities in Frontier, Outermost, and Underdeveloped (3T) regions remain significant threats that could trigger educational quality disparities. It is concluded that the successful transformation of Sisdiknas through Deep Learning requires the strengthening of teacher communities of practice and full government commitment to equalizing digital access to ensure educational equity for all citizens.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syarifuddin A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROGRAM PHARMA CARE 2025: EDUKASI NARKOBA, HIV/AIDS, SKRINING KESEHATAN, DAN UJI FORMALIN UMKM DESA BANJARSARI
The Pharma Care 2025 program is a community service initiative aimed at improving public knowledge, awareness, and health status in Banjarsari Village, Ciawi District, Bogor Regency. This program was motivated by the increasing cases of drug abuse (NAPZA), the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission, and the high prevalence of degenerative diseases in the community. The methods used included observation, health education, screening, and community empowerment through a participatory approach. The activities implemented consisted of health screening, drug abuse and HIV/AIDS education for adolescents, education on degenerative diseases and dementia, vitamin distribution, formalin testing in food products, and a herbal soap-making workshop. The screening results indicated that a significant proportion of the community had high cholesterol and uric acid levels, suggesting a risk of degenerative diseases. Health education activities were proven effective in improving participants' knowledge, as indicated by an increase in average pretest–posttest scores among students from 83.67 to 92, and among community members from 65.86 to 83.79. In addition, formalin testing on food samples showed negative results, indicating relatively safe food conditions. The herbal soap workshop successfully enhanced community skills in utilizing natural resources for economically valuable products. Overall, this program had a positive impact on increasing health awareness, promoting healthy lifestyle changes, and strengthening community economic empowerment. This initiative is expected to serve as a sustainable promotive and preventive intervention model to improve public health quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dinda Paramudita, Nindi Adinta, Dewi Meilia Agustin, Sintia Audina, Yayang Mutiara Marcellina, Yulis Adriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MOTIVASI SOSIAL DAN INSENTIF NON-MATERIAL SEBAGAI FAKTOR PENDORONG KINERJA KARYAWAN DI FOURTEEN ROSES BOUTIQUE HOTEL
This study is motivated by the importance of improving employee performance in the hospitality industry, which highly depends on psychological and non-financial factors. This study aims to determine the effect of Social Motivation and Non-Material Incentives on Employee Performance at Fourteen Roses Boutique Hotel. The research method used is quantitative with a sample of 59 hotel employees. Data were collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale and analyzed using validity test, reliability test, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination using SPSS version 25. The results show that Social Motivation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance with a significance value of 0.006 < 0.05. Non-Material Incentives also have a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Simultaneously, Social Motivation and Non-Material Incentives significantly affect Employee Performance with an F value of 128.066 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, contributing 81.4% to employee performance. The conclusion of this study is that improving employee performance can be achieved by strengthening social motivation and providing appropriate non-material incentives in the workplace.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Nyoman Widya Saputra, Kadek Devi Kalfika Anggria Wardani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH ESG (ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, GOVERNANCE) TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN DAN REPUTASI PERUSAHAAN
Using a literature review methodology, this study attempts to examine the effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) adoption on business financial performance and reputation. Because ESG is thought to be able to generate long-term value and boost stakeholder trust, it is becoming a significant concern in contemporary business operations. This study's methodology is a literature review, which involves examining a variety of academic publications, research papers, and journals that are pertinent to the subjects of corporate reputation, financial performance, and ESG. According to the study's findings, implementing ESG practices often improves a company's financial performance by increasing profitability, operational effectiveness, and long-term stability. In addition, ESG practices also play an important role in building a better corporate reputation in the eyes of investors, consumers, and the wider community. However, some literature also reveals variations in results depending on the industrial sector, level of implementation, and prevailing economic and regulatory conditions. Thus, ESG is not only a tool for compliance, but also a business strategy that can increase corporate competitiveness sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ratna Sari, Evrina Evrina, Marwan Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS KETERAMPILAN ABAD 21 UNTUK MENJAWAB TANTANGAN PEMBANGUNAN
This study on 21st-century skills-based education highlights the importance of critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration (4C), digital literacy, and adaptive character in responding to increasingly complex development challenges. In the context of national development and the sustainable development agenda, education can no longer focus solely on rote learning but must equip learners with the ability to solve real-world problems in society and the workplace. This article examines the concept of 21st-century skills, the challenges of their implementation in educational institutions, and their relevance to sustainable development needs. The method used is a literature study of education policies, global competency frameworks, and various innovative learning practices oriented toward 4C and new literacies. The findings show that strengthening project-based learning, utilizing digital technology, and integrating local–global development issues into the curriculum can enhance the relevance of education to development needs. However, the success of implementation greatly depends on teacher capacity, infrastructure support, and consistent policies that position 21st-century skills as key indicators of education quality. These findings underscore the urgency of systemic educational transformation to produce human resources who are excellent, competitive, and able to contribute meaningfully to sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mariah Siskawati, Johanna Pratiwi Suyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN LUDO DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS 4 PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DI MIS AL-IKHLASH CIAWILOR KUNINGAN TAHUN AJARAN 2024-2025
This classroom action research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at MIS Al-Ikhlash, as indicated by interview data with the homeroom teacher showing that 8 out of 18 students (44.4%) scored below the minimum mastery criterion (KKM) of 70 in Arabic language subjects. This issue was attributed to limited instructional innovation and low student engagement during the learning process, leading to student boredom and suboptimal achievement of learning objectives. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to enhance students’ learning engagement in Arabic through the use of Ludo as an instructional media, and (2) to improve students’ learning outcomes using the same approach. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design, specifically a collaborative action research model, in which the researcher acted as the instructor assisted by an observer. The research was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected using descriptive analysis techniques, including observation sheets, test results, and documentation of students’ learning outcomes. The findings revealed that the implementation of Ludo as an instructional media significantly improved both student engagement and learning outcomes. Student engagement increased from 45.83% in the first cycle to 87.80% in the second cycle, reflecting an improvement of 41.97%. Similarly, learning outcomes improved, as evidenced by the increase in the number of students achieving mastery: from 5 out of 18 students (27.78%) in the first cycle to 15 students (83%) in the second cycle, indicating a 56% improvement. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers adopt more innovative instructional strategies and prepare comprehensive teaching materials, while future researchers are encouraged to further develop Ludo-based learning media by incorporating different variables, indicators, or subject areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alfy Mamduh Nuruddin, Gigih Nurhidayat Romis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN DIGITAL EDUCATION: TRANSFORMING SCHOOL MANAGEMENT IN THE AI ERA
The digital transformation of education triggered by the development of artificial intelligence demands fundamental changes in leadership practices within schools. This study aims to analyze the role of strategic leadership in managing and transforming school management in the AI ​​era through a literature review approach. The method used is a systematic literature review by reviewing various scientific sources in the form of reputable journals, academic books, and research reports related to strategic leadership, digital education, and the integration of AI in education management. The results of the study indicate that strategic leadership plays a crucial role in formulating a digital vision, developing a culture of innovation, and managing technology-based organizational change. Furthermore, school leaders are required to possess adaptive competencies, digital literacy, and data-driven decision-making skills to optimize the implementation of AI in the learning process and school administration. This study also found that the success of digital transformation is greatly influenced by collaboration between leaders, teachers, and other stakeholders, as well as adequate infrastructure and policy support. Thus, strategic leadership is key to creating a responsive, innovative, and sustainable school management system in the AI ​​era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamad Kamil Salas, Masluhah Masluhah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN SEUMUR HIDUP DALAM SISTEM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Lifelong education is an educational concept that takes place throughout a person’s life, from birth until the end of life. In the perspective of Islamic education, this concept aligns with the teachings of the Qur’an and Hadith, which emphasize the obligation to seek knowledge without time limits. This study aims to analyze the implementation of lifelong education in the Islamic education system in Indonesia, covering formal, non-formal, and informal aspects. The method used is library research with a qualitative approach. The findings indicate that the implementation of lifelong education in Islamic education in Indonesia has been realized through the integration of Islamic values into the curriculum, the development of community-based education, and the use of educational technology. However, there are still challenges, such as gaps in access to education and adaptation to the changing times. Therefore, policy innovation and sustainable learning strategies are needed to strengthen the concept of lifelong education within the Islamic education system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saadah Dwi Rahayu, Nur Sakinah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CYBERSECURITY LAW AND LEGAL RESPONSES TO DATA BREACHES IN GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
This study aims to analyze the cybersecurity legal framework and legal responses to data breach incidents in government institutions. As the digitalization of public services increases, threats to data security are becoming increasingly complex and have a broad impact on public trust and the stability of state administration. The method used in this study is a literature review, examining various academic sources, regulations, and policy reports related to cybersecurity and data protection in the public sector. This approach allows for the identification of regulatory patterns, legal weaknesses, and best practices in handling data breaches across various jurisdictions. The results of the study indicate that although many countries have developed regulations related to cybersecurity and data protection, gaps remain in their implementation, inter-agency coordination, and law enforcement mechanisms. Legal responses to data breaches in government institutions are often reactive and do not fully prioritize the principles of prevention and risk mitigation. Furthermore, the lack of uniform security standards and limited human resources are major challenges in strengthening government information security systems. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of regulatory harmonization, institutional capacity building, and the adoption of a proactive approach to cyber risk management to improve the effectiveness of data protection in the public sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeni Santi, Rahmatiyah Rahmatiyah, Agus Prasetyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MERANCANG INOVASI MODEL PELATIHAN FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE BERBASIS KOMPETENSI DI LEMBAGA PELATIHAN KERJA (STUDI KASUS DI LPK DENPASAR)
The tourism industry plays a strategic role in the economic development of Bali, particularly through the accommodation and food and beverage sectors, which contribute significantly to the region’s Gross Regional Domestic Product. The growth of the hospitality sector requires the availability of a workforce with professional competencies that align with industry standards. However, previous studies indicate a competency gap between graduates of vocational training institutions and the actual needs of the hospitality industry, particularly in the field of Food and Beverage Service (FBS). This study aims to analyze the existing FBS training model implemented in Job Training Institutions (Lembaga Pelatihan Kerja/LPK) in Denpasar, identify competency gaps between training outcomes and industry requirements, and develop an innovative competency-based training model that is more responsive to the dynamics of the hospitality industry. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, Focus Group Discussions, and document analysis involving training institution managers, instructors, trainees, and representatives from the hospitality industry. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, including data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings reveal that the FBS training model implemented in LPK Denpasar has adopted the principles of competency-based training with a dominant proportion of practical learning and a curriculum referring to the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI). Nevertheless, the training model remains primarily oriented toward meeting basic competency standards and has not been fully integrated with the dynamic operational demands of the hospitality industry. The study also identifies competency gaps in both technical and soft skills that affect graduates’ job readiness. In response to these findings, this research proposes a Best Practice CBT Model that integrates the Competency-Based Training approach, the ADDIE instructional design framework, and the link-and-match principle with industry. The proposed model is expected to enhance graduates’ job readiness and strengthen the effectiveness of vocational training in the hospitality sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ida Bagus Nyoman Weda, I Made Darsana, Agus Made Yoga Iswara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INOVASI PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN DI ERA SOCIETY 5.0
The era of Society 5.0 demands the integration of digital technology in various aspects of life, including education. This study aims to analyze digital technology-based educational innovations in improving the quality of learning. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach based on various journals, books, and research reports. The results indicate that the use of digital technologies such as Learning Management Systems (LMS), artificial intelligence, and interactive learning media can enhance student engagement, learning effectiveness, and learning outcomes. However, challenges such as the digital divide, teacher competence, and limited infrastructure remain major obstacles. Therefore, a comprehensive implementation strategy is required to maximize the use of technology in education.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan dan Bahasa Sastra Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KETAHANAN RANTAI PASOK GLOBAL DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP REGULASI PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL
Global supply chain resilience has become a central issue in international trade law in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, the energy crisis, climate change and the rise of new protectionist policies. Supply chain disruptions are no longer viewed as merely a business issue, but have evolved into an issue of international law that affects the stability of cross-border trade. This article analyses how global supply chain resilience impacts international trade regulation, including WTO rule reforms, the use of trade facilitation instruments, trade digitalisation, and policies on friendshoring, reshoring, and national economic security. The research employs a normative legal methodology using a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. The research findings indicate that international trade law needs to transform from an efficiency paradigm towards a resilience paradigm that continues to uphold the principles of non-discrimination, transparency, and legal certainty.
MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN KELUARGA DALAM PERSPEKTIF BUDAYA SUMBA
This study aims to analyze family financial management from a Sumbanese cultural perspective, specifically as it relates to the traditional belis wedding tradition in Wee Rame Village, Southwest Sumba Regency. The belis phenomenon, which involves the economic exchange of livestock, woven fabric, jewelry, and cash, requires families to prepare a well-structured financial situation. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving couples involved in traditional weddings, their families, and traditional leaders. The study focused on aspects of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling family financial management. The results are expected to provide an understanding of the relationship between financial literacy and local cultural practices, while also uncovering the challenges and conflicts that often arise from differences in fulfilling belis obligations. Theoretically, this research enriches the literature on financial management based on local wisdom. Practically, this research can serve as a reference for the community, government, and social institutions in formulating economic empowerment strategies rooted in culture. Thus, this research contributes to the preservation of Sumbawa culture while improving family economic well-being.
ENHANCING TOURIST VISITS THROUGH DIGITAL PROMOTION IN BONGKASA PERTIWI VILLAGE
The development of digital technology has changed the way tourist destinations are promoted, but tourist villages still face limitations in utilizing digital media. This study aims to design a digital promotion strategy to increase the popularity and tourist visits to Bongkasa Pertiwi Tourism Village, Bali. A descriptive applicative qualitative approach was used through interviews, observations, and documentation. Analysis was conducted thematically with a SWOT framework to identify supporting and inhibiting factors. The results show that digital strategies have not been optimally integrated, with the main obstacles being limited human resources, less systematic content planning, and minimal involvement of MSMEs. The strategy is designed to integrate Community-Based Tourism, the 6A concept, the AISAS model, and Cyber ​​Public Relations, with a focus on authentic content and two-way interaction. This strategy has the potential to increase visibility and encourage sustainable tourism.
IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN MONETER TERHADAP STABILITAS PASAR MODAL DAN KINERJA SEKTOR KEUANGAN DI INDONESIA: SUATU KAJIAN PUSTAKA
Monetary policy is a fundamental instrument used by Bank Indonesia to maintain macroeconomic stability; however, its implications for capital market stability and the performance of the financial sector remain a complex and dynamic topic. This article aims to critically examine the implications of monetary policy for capital market stability and the performance of the financial sector in Indonesia through a literature review using a descriptive qualitative method. The findings indicate that monetary policy influences capital market stability through transmission channels involving interest rates, liquidity, inflation expectations, and foreign capital flows, with market responses tending to be asymmetric—where expansionary stimulus leads to a more significant rise in valuations compared to the pressure from policy tightening. Regarding the financial sector, particularly the banking sector, monetary policy exhibits multidimensional impacts: interest rate hikes can boost the Net Interest Margin (NIM) and profitability of large banks, yet may potentially lower credit quality (NPLs) and slow down credit growth. Harmonious policy coordination between Bank Indonesia, the OJK, and the Ministry of Finance through the Financial System Stability Coordination Forum (FKSSK) is a critical factor in mitigating systemic risks and ensuring the effectiveness of policy transmission. This study makes an academic contribution to the development of monetary and financial economics literature, as well as offering practical implications for policymakers and market participants in formulating strategies responsive to the monetary policy cycle to support stability and sustainable economic growth.
ANALISIS KOMPARATIF METODE DEMPSTER-SHAFER DAN CERTAINTY FACTOR PADA SISTEM PAKAR UNTUK DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT DIABETES
This study aims to analyze and compare the performance of the Dempster-Shafer and Certainty Factor methods in expert systems for diagnosing diabetes. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method by reviewing various scientific publications related to both methods in medical expert systems. The analysis focuses on key aspects such as diagnostic accuracy, ability to handle uncertainty, computational complexity, and ease of implementation. The results show that the Certainty Factor method is more efficient and easier to implement, making it suitable for structured data with lower uncertainty, while the Dempster-Shafer method is more effective in handling complex uncertainty and incomplete data due to its evidence-based approach, although it requires more complex computations. The study concludes that no single method is universally superior, as each method has its own strengths depending on data characteristics and system requirements, and suggests that combining methods could improve the performance of expert systems in diabetes diagnosis.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Nyoman Rizky Anggika, Adie Wahyudi Oktavia Gama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MANAJEMEN PROGRAM TAHFIDZUL QUR’AN DI BOARDING SCHOOL MAN BLORA
The decline in student interest in participating in the Qur’an memorization program at the MAN Blora Boarding School is the background of this research. The goal is to formulate a development strategy for the MAN Blora Boarding School so that it can produce graduates who are not only intellectually intelligent but also have a strong understanding of religion in facing the changing times. The management of the Qur’an memorization program determines student interest in the success of the Qur’an memorization program in the future. This research is a qualitative field research. Data sources in this study were obtained through interviews with the Principal, Chairperson, tahfidz mentors, administrators, and tahfidz students of the MAN Blora Boarding School, in addition to conducting observations and documentation in data collection. Data analysis was carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the MAN Blora Boarding School has implemented management functions systematically in implementing the Qur’an memorization program, starting from planning, organizing, implementing, to controlling. The implementation of these management functions has proven to produce students who are able to exceed the memorization targets that have been previously set, so that the MAN Blora Boarding School has succeeded in achieving its goals and targets optimally.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nila Himatul Ulya, M. Rikza Chamami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SAFEGUARD MEASURES SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PERLINDUNGAN INDUSTRI NASIONAL DI ERA LIBERALISASI PERDAGANGAN
International trade liberalization mandated by the World Trade Organization (WTO) requires its members to open domestic markets for goods and services from other countries. However, uncontrolled liberalization may negatively impact domestic industries, particularly when unforeseen import surges occur. In this context, safeguard measures become a crucial instrument enabling WTO member states to protect their national industries temporarily from the adverse effects of import surges. This study aims to analyze the legal framework of safeguard measures within the WTO system, their implementation in Indonesian national law, and their effectiveness as an instrument for protecting national industries in the era of trade liberalization. The research method employed is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that although Indonesia has regulated safeguard measures in Government Regulation Number 34 of 2011, there are substantial weaknesses, including the absence of comprehensive specific regulations, limited outreach to industrial actors, and inconsistencies of several provisions with the WTO Agreement on Safeguards. This study recommends the establishment of a specific Trade Remedies Law that systematically integrates safeguard, anti-dumping, and countervailing measures to provide optimal legal protection for Indonesian national industries.
Copyright (c) 2024 M. Subhan, Zainura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SMART CONTRACTS DALAM TRANSAKSI PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL TANTANGAN REGULASI GLOBAL
Digital transformation in international trade has introduced technological innovation in the form of smart contracts agreements that are automatically executed through computer code on blockchain. This study analyzes the global regulatory challenges faced by smart contracts in the context of international trade transactions. Using normative legal research methods with a comparative approach, this study examines the compatibility of smart contracts with fundamental international legal instruments such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 1980 and recent developments, namely the UNCITRAL Model Law on Automated Contracting (MLAC) adopted in July 2024. The results show that the MLAC provides legal recognition for contracts in computer code form, but significant challenges remain in terms of jurisdictional fragmentation, cross-border enforcement, system interoperability, and consumer protection. This study recommends regulatory harmonization through the adoption of international standards, development of online dispute resolution (ODR) mechanisms, and a techno-legal approach in formulating smart contract regulatory frameworks that balance innovation and legal certainty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andriyani Susilawati, Annie Myranika, Gatot Subroto, Supriadi, M Ali Akbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PEMANFAATAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DALAM PREDIKSI PERMINTAAN EKSPOR INDONESIA DI PASAR GLOBAL TINJAUAN HUKUM DAN TEKNOLOGI SERTA KEBIJAKAN PERDAGANGAN
The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has opened new opportunities in analyzing and predicting export demand in the global market. This study aims to analyze the utilization of AI in predicting Indonesian export demand from legal, technological, and international trade policy perspectives. The research method used is normative legal research with a multidisciplinary approach that integrates legal, technological, and public policy analysis. The results show that the utilization of AI in predicting Indonesian export demand has significant potential to enhance export product competitiveness, optimize supply chains, and support trade policy decision-making. However, this implementation faces legal challenges related to data protection, intellectual property, algorithm regulation, and compliance with international trade agreements. This study recommends the formulation of a comprehensive regulatory framework that accommodates AI innovation while protecting national and consumer interests.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juhana Nuryana, Annie Myranika, Rifqi Syifa’ul Qolbi, Muslimin, Hikmat Ansori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0