About Journal BERAJAH JOURNAL Journal of Education, Learning, and Self Development ISSN: 2797-1805 | E-ISSN: 2797-1082 BERAJAH JOURNAL publishes articles about education and learning in general. Contains articles/research results written by experts, scientists, practitioners and reviewers in the fields of education and learning, as well as self-development in all social and scientific disciplines. BERAJAH JOURNAL accepts and publishes articles in Indonesian and English. Focus and Scope The scope of BERAJAH JOURNAL includes the following fields: Education Education and learning theory and foundation, Education and learning philosophy, Education and learning technology, Educational Psychology, Education and learning media, Education evaluation, Education Management, etc. Economics Development economics, applied economics, monetary economics, public economics, industrial economics, international and regional economics, natural resource economics, human resource economics, accounting, and sharia economics. Social Sciences Archeology, Anthropology, Geography, History, Law, Linguistics, Psychology, Sociology, Political, Information Systems, Expert system, etc. Psychological and Health Sciences Educational psychology, clinical psychology, developmental psychology, and social psychology, Medical science, nursing science, midwifery science, pharmacy, and nutritional science. The complete focus and scope of this journal can be checked via: Focus and Scope Download Journal Template ENGLISH INDONESIA Submit Your Work Prepare your manuscript and submit it to BERAJAH JOURNAL. Submit Now
PENGARUH UU PT TERHADAP KEMITRAAN PERUSAHAAN DENGAN PEMERINTAH
Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (UU PT) which was amended by Law Number 6 of 2023 (UU PT 2023) provides a new legal framework for the operation of limited liability companies in Indonesia. This change has significant implications for partnerships between companies and government, both in the form of public-private partnerships (KPS), public-private partnership (PPP), and other partnership schemes. This study analyzes the influence of UU PT on partnerships between companies and government using a normative juridical approach and document study. The results show that UU PT 2023 provides greater structural flexibility, strengthening of corporate governance, and shareholder protection that impacts partnership dynamics. However, there are challenges related to harmonization with sectoral regulations, uncertainty in implementation, and governance complexity. This study recommends regulatory synchronization, strengthening of monitoring, and development of technical guidelines to optimize partnerships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naek Efendi, Pandri Zulfikar, Tugimin Harjotaruno, Asep Mulyana, Dadang Rachmat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HUBUNGAN SENGKETA DALAM CV STABILITAS OPERASIONAL PERUSAHAAN
Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV) is a commercial partnership with unique characteristics involving the separation of roles between managing partners and limited partners. Disputes arising within CV, whether internal or external, significantly impact company operational stability. This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between disputes in CV and company operational stability, and to evaluate effective dispute resolution mechanisms in maintaining business continuity. The research method used is normative legal research with conceptual and statutory approaches. The results indicate that internal disputes between managing partners and limited partners, typically stemming from unclear authority distribution under Article 20 of the Commercial Code, negatively affect financial stability, company reputation, and internal partner relationships. External disputes with third parties, particularly regarding breach of contract and industrial relations disputes, cause operational disruptions, decreased productivity, and financial losses. This study recommends strengthening Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, clarifying cooperation agreements, and implementing periodic audits as risk mitigation strategies for CV disputes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juhana Nuryana, Pandri Zulfikar, Rifqi Syifa’ul Qolbi, Muslimin, Hikmat Ansori, Dian Retno Widayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EKSPLORASI ETNOMATEMATIKA PERAHU SANDEQ SEBAGAI KONTEKS PEMBELAJARAN PERBANDINGAN DAN SKALA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI NUMERASI SISWA TINGKAT SMP
This study aims to explore the concept of ethnomathematics in the Sandeq boat and to examine the effectiveness of its application in learning ratios and scale to improve numeracy literacy of junior high school students. This study uses an ethnomathematics approach with a design that integrates qualitative exploration of cultural elements and their implementation in classroom learning. The research subjects are grade IX students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the Sandeq boat contains mathematical concepts, especially ratios and scale, which can be identified through the size, shape, and proportion of the parts of the boat. The implementation of ethnomathematics-based learning shows an increase in students' numeracy literacy, which is indicated by the ability to understand contextual problems, formulate mathematical models, solve problems systematically, and interpret results. In addition, students show positive responses and more active engagement during the learning process. Thus, ethnomathematics-based learning on the Sandeq boat is effective in improving students' numeracy literacy on ratio and scale material.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afdhal, Salsa, Milha Indriana, Nurul Azizah, Dahlia, Andi Heriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRAKTIK PINJAMAN ONLINE ILEGAL DI INDONESIA
Abstract The development of financial technology (fintech) lending in Indonesia has brought significant transformation in financial service access, yet simultaneously raised serious problems regarding the proliferation of illegal online lending practices. These practices involve misuse of consumers personal data, digital intimidation, exorbitant interest rates, and various actions that substantially harm consumers. This article aims to analyze juridically the legal protection framework for consumers against illegal online lending practices in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with a normative-empirical legal approach. Data was collected through studies of legislation, court decisions, Financial Services Authority reports, and scientific literature studies. The results show that consumer protection against illegal online lending practices faces multidimensional challenges, including regulatory weaknesses that do not comprehensively regulate digital lending aspects, law enforcement limitations due to the transnational nature of perpetrators, and low consumer financial literacy. This article recommends the need for harmonization of legislation, strengthening of cross-institutional cooperation, and revitalization of consumer education to create an online lending ecosystem that effectively protects consumer rights.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naek Efendi, Hasnah Aziz, Asep Mulyana, Tugimin Harjotaruno, Dadang Rachmat, Juhana Nuryana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERAN HUKUM KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK DALAM PENCEGAHAN POLITIK DINASTI DI DAERAH
Dynastic politics is a phenomenon rooted in Indonesia's democratic system, particularly at the regional government level. The practice of dynastic politics threatens the principles of meritocracy, equality, and substantive democracy that form the constitutional foundation of this country. This article aims to analyze the role of public policy law in preventing dynastic politics practices in regions. The research method used is qualitative with a normative-empirical legal approach. Data was collected through document studies, literature studies, and analysis of legislation. The results show that public policy law has a strategic role in preventing dynastic politics through three main mechanisms: first, normative regulation through legislation that limits dynastic politics practices; second, supervision and law enforcement mechanisms by state institutions; and third, political education and formation of community legal awareness. This article recommends the need for harmonization of legislation, strengthening of supervisory institutions, and revitalization of political education to create a regional democratic system free from dynastic politics practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akhmad Faishal, Mustofa Kamil, Bachtiar Kemal Harahap, Muslimin, Teddy T Pingak, Rifqi Syifa’ul Qolbi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM FINTECH LENDING ATAS KREDIT MACET DALAM PERJANJIAN ELEKTRONIK
The development of financial technology lending (fintech lending) in Indonesia has transformed the financing landscape by introducing electronic agreements as the primary legal instrument in creditor-debtor relationships. However, the increasing volume of non-performing loans in this sector raises fundamental questions regarding the legal accountability of fintech lending providers. This article aims to analyze juridically the legal accountability of fintech lending for non-performing loans arising from electronic agreements. The research method used is qualitative with a normative-empirical legal approach. Data was collected through studies of legislation, court decisions, Financial Services Authority reports, and scientific literature studies. The results show that the legal accountability of fintech lending for non-performing loans involves three crucial aspects: first, the legal status of fintech lending as an intermediary versus a party to the credit agreement; second, the distribution of responsibility among fintech lending, partner banks, and investors in the peer-to-peer lending financing structure; and third, the mechanism for resolving non-performing loans that fulfills the principle of substantive justice. This article recommends the need for clarification of the legal status of fintech lending in legislation, harmonization of obligations among parties in electronic agreements, and development of a proportional non-performing loan resolution mechanism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmat Giling, Hasnah Aziz, Nursalim, Mahmuddin, Dany Wahyu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This study examines the phenomena of ghibah and namimah as destructive behaviors from an Islamic perspective, focusing on their definitions, Islamic legal justifications, and their social, psychological, and spiritual impacts, as well as prevention strategies based on moral education and digital literacy. Using a qualitative descriptive literature review method, the findings indicate that ghibah—speaking ill of someone’s faults—and namimah—sowing discord—disrupt social harmony, diminish the quality of faith, and may hinder entry into Paradise, particularly in the era of social media, which accelerates their spread. Effective prevention is achieved through verbal guidance, piety, and a culture of self-reflection, with practical implications for education, family, and society. This research contributes to strengthening noble ethics in the face of modern social dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rasyid, Norlaila Norlaila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN MENDALAM TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS
This study aims to analyze the application of a deep learning approach in developing writing skills. The deep learning approach emphasizes conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and active student engagement in the learning process. The research employs a qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the implementation of deep learning significantly improves students' writing quality in terms of structure, vocabulary, and the ability to develop ideas in a systematic and logical manner. Furthermore, this approach encourages students to become more reflective, creative, and independent in their writing process. Therefore, the deep learning approach can be considered an effective strategy for enhancing writing skills and achieving more meaningful learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Amelia, Rasti Nawanti, Jumraini, Anita Candra Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TINJAUAN YURIDIS PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM KERANGKA WTO DAN HUKUM NASIONAL INDONESIA
International trade dispute settlement is an important instrument in maintaining the stability of the global trading system. The World Trade Organization (WTO) through the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) provides a binding adjudicative mechanism for member states. This study aims to analyze the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, the implementation of WTO provisions in Indonesian national law, and the harmonization between international trade law and Indonesia’s national interests. This research uses a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results indicate that the WTO dispute settlement mechanism consists of consultation, panel proceedings, appeals, and implementation of decisions. Indonesia has adopted WTO principles into national regulations, particularly through Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade and Law Number 24 of 2000 concerning International Treaties. However, harmonization between national law and WTO provisions still faces challenges, especially regarding the protection of national interests, downstream natural resource policies, and the WTO Appellate Body crisis. The DS592 nickel export dispute and DS480 biodiesel dispute demonstrate the dynamic relationship between international obligations and national economic sovereignty. Therefore, strengthening international trade law capacity and WTO reform are necessary to create a fairer and more balanced international trading system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irwan Soeharlim, Annie Myranika, Muhammad Ruhunussa, Anharyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENINGKATAN KINERJA UMKM MELALUI INOVASI HIJAU, PEMASARAN DIGITAL, DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA
The purpose of this study is to test and analyze the influence of green innovation, digital marketing, and government policies on improving the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Sumbawa Regency. This type of research is associative with a quantitative approach. The data collection technique was through questionnaires using a purposive sampling method. This study involved 100 MSME owners/managers. The results of the study indicate that partially and simultaneously there is a positive and significant influence of green innovation, digital marketing, government policies and improving MSME performance. Based on the results of the determination coefficient test, an R Square value of 0.401 was obtained, which means that the variables of green innovation, digital marketing, and government policies are able to explain variations in MSME performance by 40.1%, while the remaining 59.9% is explained by other factors outside the research model.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Haryadi, Ismawati, Nurdin Natan, Kamaruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DINAMIKA BATAS KEWENANGAN PENGAWASAN ANTARA OJK DAN BANK INDONESIA ATAS AKTIVITAS FINTECH DI SEKTOR PERBANKAN
The development of financial technology (fintech) in Indonesia has significantly transformed the financial services system and banking industry. Digital innovations such as electronic payments, peer-to-peer lending, open banking, digital banking, and embedded finance have created new challenges in terms of regulation and supervision. In practice, there are dynamics regarding the boundaries of authority between the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) as two state institutions responsible for regulation and supervision in the financial sector. This study aims to analyze the boundaries of supervisory authority between OJK and Bank Indonesia over fintech activities in the banking sector and their legal implications for legal certainty and consumer protection. This research uses normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that overlapping authorities still occur, particularly in digital payment services, digital banking, electronic payment systems, and the integration of fintech services with banking institutions. Such conditions potentially create regulatory disharmony and legal uncertainty. Therefore, stronger institutional coordination, regulatory harmonization, and the establishment of an integrated supervisory framework between OJK and Bank Indonesia are necessary to ensure effective, adaptive supervision and optimal legal protection for the public.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irwan Soeharlim, Hasnah Aziz, Muhammad Ruhunussa, Hikmat Ansori, Anharyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS YURIDIS, ONTOLOGIS, DAN REKONSTRUKSI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DALAM SISTEM PERBANKAN NASIONAL (Kajian Hukum Perbankan Syariah dalam Perspektif Kepastian Hukum dan Keadilan Substantif)
The existence of Islamic banking in Indonesia constitutes a juridical, philosophical, and sociological necessity within the national legal system. The rapid development of Islamic financial institutions demands legal certainty, especially concerning the implementation of sharia principles in banking agreements and customer protection mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the ontological and juridical position of sharia principles within the Indonesian banking system, examine the legal problems in the implementation of Islamic banking contracts in relation to the principle of freedom of contract under the Civil Code, and reconstruct legal protection mechanisms for Islamic banking customers in both litigation and non-litigation dispute settlement. This research employs normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, philosophical, and case approaches. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The findings reveal that sharia principles have transformed from religious norms into imperative positive law (dwingend recht) through Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking. Nevertheless, the implementation of sharia contracts still encounters normative conflicts between the principle of freedom of contract and sharia restrictions such as the prohibition of riba, gharar, and maysir. In practice, standard contracts frequently create bargaining inequality between banks and customers. Furthermore, dispute resolution mechanisms remain fragmented due to the dualism between civil procedural law and sharia economic law. The reconstruction of legal protection requires harmonization between national procedural law and Islamic economic law, strengthening mediation institutions and non-litigation settlement mechanisms, and codifying Islamic economic law into statutory legislation to guarantee legal certainty, justice, and consumer protection in the national Islamic banking system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ani Wahyuni, Hasnah Aziz, Ahmad Fahrul Rozi, Oky Rona Wijaya, Regina Yura Fitriah Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HUBUNGAN HUKUM KONTRAK ELEKTRONIK DENGAN KEAMANAN TRANSAKSI DIGITAL
The development of information and communication technology has encouraged the transformation of conventional transaction systems into electronic-based digital transactions. In modern business practices, electronic contracts have become the main legal instrument used in various digital trade activities, including e-commerce, financial technology, digital banking services, and cross-border transactions. However, the increasing use of electronic contracts also raises various legal issues related to digital transaction security, personal data protection, party authentication, validity of electronic evidence, and cybercrime risks. This study aims to analyze the legal relationship between electronic contracts and digital transaction security from the perspective of Indonesian positive law. The research method used is normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. Sources of legal materials were obtained from laws and regulations, legal doctrines, scientific journals, and relevant court decisions. The results show that electronic contracts have valid legal force as long as they fulfill the legal requirements of agreements as regulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code and the provisions of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Digital transaction security is an important element in ensuring legal certainty, consumer protection, and public trust in electronic systems. Therefore, strengthening regulations, improving cybersecurity systems, and harmonizing digital laws are necessary to create a secure, fair, and sustainable electronic transaction ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Opik Sepriadi, Pandri Zulfikar, Salman Al Ghifari, Unggul Budi, Ridwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HUMAN RESOURCE ANALYTICS AND DECISION-MAKING EFFECTIVENESS: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
The development of digital transformation in human resource management has encouraged organizations to utilize Human Resource Analytics (HRA) as a basis for more effective, data-driven decision-making. This study aims to analyze the role of Human Resource Analytics in improving the effectiveness of organizational decision-making through a literature review approach. The research method used is a literature review by collecting, reviewing, and analyzing various scientific sources in the form of national and international journals, academic books, and other scientific publications relevant to the topic of Human Resource Analytics and decision-making effectiveness. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Human Resource Analytics can help organizations identify employee behavior patterns, improve the efficiency of the recruitment process, predict workforce performance and retention, and support the development of more accurate and objective organizational strategies. In addition, the use of human resource analytics also contributes to improving the quality of managerial decisions through the use of real-time data and predictive approaches. However, the implementation of Human Resource Analytics still faces various challenges, such as limited data quality, low human resource analytical competency, and issues of employee data ethics and privacy. This study concludes that Human Resource Analytics has a strategic role in improving the effectiveness of organizational decision-making in the digital era. Therefore, strengthening analytical competency and integrated data management are necessary for its optimal implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mochammad Isa Anshori, Ayunda Pradini, Ulfa Aulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EKSISTENSI REGULATORY SANDBOX OJK DALAM PENGEMBANGAN INOVASI FINTECH DI INDONESIA
The development of financial technology (fintech) in Indonesia has resulted in significant transformation in the financial services ecosystem, but has simultaneously raised complex regulatory challenges because the speed of technological innovation outpaces the ability of existing legal frameworks to adapt. The Financial Services Authority responded to this challenge through the implementation of a regulatory sandbox as a regulatory mechanism that allows testing of fintech innovations in a controlled environment before full implementation. This article aims to analyze juridically the existence of the OJK regulatory sandbox in the development of fintech innovation in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with a normative-empirical legal approach. Data was collected through studies of legislation, OJK policies, regulatory sandbox testing reports, and scientific literature studies. The results show that the existence of the OJK regulatory sandbox has a strategic role in encouraging fintech innovation while maintaining financial system stability and consumer protection, but faces juridical challenges including weak legal foundations that are not explicitly regulated in law, ambiguity in OJK authority in implementing regulatory sandboxes, and limited consumer protection and dispute resolution mechanisms during the testing period. This article recommends the need to enrich the juridical foundation of regulatory sandboxes through revision of laws or government regulations, affirmation of proportional OJK authority, and development of comprehensive consumer protection mechanisms to create a fintech ecosystem that is innovative and fair.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Fathwa, Hasnah Aziz, Bayu Triwibowo, Tri Susanto, Ratu Chumairoh Noor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS HUKUM TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN FINTECH DI INDONESIA
The development of financial technology (fintech) in Indonesia has fundamentally transformed the paradigm of financial services, driving financial inclusion and digital economic growth. The Indonesian government, through the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI), has formulated various policies to regulate and develop the fintech ecosystem. However, these policies face complex legal challenges, including the balance between innovation and financial system stability, consumer protection, and alignment with national interests. This study aims to analyze the legal framework of government policies in fintech development in Indonesia, identify regulatory gaps, and formulate improvement recommendations. The method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that Law Number 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (P2SK Law) provides the main legal umbrella, but its implementation still faces challenges related to fragmented authority, regulatory imbalance between innovation and protection, and limited oversight of new business models such as decentralized finance (DeFi). This study recommends harmonization of regulations across agencies, strengthening of the regulatory sandbox, and establishment of a single fintech supervisory authority to enhance policy effectiveness
Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Fathwa, Pandri Zulfikar, Bayu Triwibowo, Tri Susanto, Ratu Chumairoh Noor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KONSTRUKSI HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP DARK PATTERN PADA APLIKASI FINTECH
The development of financial technology (fintech) in Indonesia has significantly transformed the financial transaction landscape. However, behind the convenience offered, manipulative practices known as dark patterns have emerged in fintech application interfaces. These practices refer to user interface design elements deliberately exploited to manipulate users into making unintended decisions, such as subscribing to paid services, consenting to personal data usage, or conducting specific financial transactions. This study aims to construct a legal framework for consumer protection against dark patterns in fintech applications in Indonesia by analyzing existing legal provisions and identifying regulatory gaps. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. The results indicate that Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law Number 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions as amended by Law Number 19 of 2016, and regulations of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) have not explicitly regulated dark patterns as a form of unfair trading practice. This study recommends the need to amend the Consumer Protection Law to accommodate specific regulation of dark patterns, strengthening the OJK's authority in overseeing fintech application interface design practices, and establishing binding ethical interface design codes for fintech providers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wisnu Cahyo Apriliyadi, Hasnah Aziz, Muhammad Fajar Alfahimi, Aditya Putra Setyawan, Ahiruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS HUKUM PENGGUNAAN BIOMETRIC VERIFICATION PADA LAYANAN PERBANKAN DIGITAL
Digital transformation in the banking sector has produced significant innovation in the form of biometric verification as an authentication mechanism in digital banking services. Biometric technology that includes facial recognition, fingerprints, iris scanning, and voice patterns offers a superior level of security and convenience compared to conventional authentication methods. However, the use of biometric verification raises fundamental legal complexities related to personal data protection, bank liability for system failures, and compliance with financial regulations and consumer protection. This article aims to analyze juridically the legal framework for the use of biometric verification in digital banking services in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with a normative-empirical legal approach. Data was collected through studies of legislation, regulator policies, industry reports, and scientific literature studies. The results show that the use of biometric verification faces multidimensional juridical challenges including regulatory weaknesses that do not comprehensively regulate biometric technology aspects, ambiguity in the distribution of responsibility between banks and customers for authentication failures, and limited mechanisms for protecting customers from biometric data misuse. This article recommends the need for harmonization of legislation, strengthening of biometric technology security standards, and development of proportional accountability mechanisms to create a safe and fair digital banking ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Djamal Efendi, Hasnah Aziz, Ervawati, Dede Agus Sodikin, Dian Retno Widayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DANA NASABAH DALAM EKOSISTEM DIGITAL WALLET HASIL INTEGRASI PERBANKAN DAN FINTECH DI INDONESIA
The development of financial technology and digital transformation in the banking sector has led to the integration of digital wallet services as part of the modern payment system in Indonesia. This integration provides convenience, efficiency, and financial inclusion for society. However, the increasing use of digital wallets also raises various legal risks, particularly concerning customer fund protection, digital transaction security, personal data leakage, account misuse, and weak accountability mechanisms in the event of consumer losses. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of customer funds within the digital wallet ecosystem resulting from the integration of banking and fintech services in Indonesia, including an analysis of electronic contracts and digital transaction security based on Indonesian positive law. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that legal protection for customer funds has been regulated through various laws and regulations, including Consumer Protection Law, Electronic Information and Transactions Law, Personal Data Protection Law, as well as regulations issued by Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority. Nevertheless, these regulations still face challenges such as regulatory disharmony, weak supervision of fintech companies, and low digital literacy among the public. Therefore, regulatory harmonization, strengthened cybersecurity systems, enhanced regulatory supervision, and stronger accountability of digital financial service providers are necessary to ensure legal certainty and optimal protection for customer funds.
Copyright (c) 2026 Opik Sepriadi, Hasnah Aziz, Salman Al Ghifari, Unggul Budi, Ridwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH HUKUM PERSAINGAN USAHA TERHADAP PLATFORM BISNIS DIGITAL TANTANGAN DAN ADAPTASI REGULASI DI INDONESIA
The development of digital business platforms in Indonesia has fundamentally changed market structure and business competition dynamics. Digital platforms such as e-commerce, ride-hailing, and fintech bring efficiency and innovation, but also create risks of anti-competitive practices that are not fully accommodated in the existing legal framework. Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition (Competition Law), which has been in force for more than two decades, faces significant challenges in regulating the digital economy characterized by dual roles of platforms, network effects, and two-sided market dominance. This study aims to analyze the influence of competition law on digital business platforms in Indonesia, identify law enforcement challenges, and formulate necessary regulatory adaptations. The method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that the Competition Law has not accommodated digital economy dynamics, particularly regarding dual roles of platforms as both marketplace providers and business operators, data-based anti-competitive practices, algorithmic discrimination, and two-sided market dominance. Furthermore, the non-adoption of extraterritoriality principles limits the authority of the Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition (KPPU) in enforcing the law against foreign platforms. This study recommends modernization of the Competition Law, strengthening of KPPU capacity, and establishment of specific digital platform regulations to create a healthy and innovative competition ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Nurafendi, Pandri Zulfikar, Eduardo Retno, Ronny Erlando, Imam Fathwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DAMPAK KELANGKAAN BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK TERHADAP STABILITAS EKONOMI DAN MOBILITAS MASYARAKAT DI INDONESIA: KAJIAN PUSTAKA KEBIJAKAN ENERGI NASIONAL
The fuel shortage in Indonesia has far-reaching implications for economic stability and public mobility, whilst also highlighting the limitations of national energy policy in addressing excessive reliance on fossil fuels. This literature review examines how supply pressures, price rises and fuel subsidies trigger inflation, place a strain on the state budget, disrupt the real sector and undermine the investment climate, thereby reducing macroeconomic resilience. On the other hand, fuel shortages also hinder public mobility, particularly in terms of access to education, healthcare, employment and social activities, whilst widening socio-economic disparities. This article concludes that the sustainability of economic stability and social mobility requires the strengthening of national energy policies that are more oriented towards energy diversification, efficiency and the enhancement of more energy-efficient public transport modes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Loso Judijanto, Abdul Jalil Hutagalung, Era Purike https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HUBUNGAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERSEROAN TERBATAS DENGAN PERAN PERUSAHAAN DALAM PELAYANAN MASYARAKAT
Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (LLC Law) is the main legal foundation for regulating corporate legal entities in Indonesia. Amid rapid economic development, the role of companies is no longer limited to profit-seeking alone, but has evolved into entities that have social responsibility towards society. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the provisions of the LLC Law and the role of companies in public service, identify legal gaps, and formulate an ideal legal construction. The method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that the LLC Law has accommodated the role of companies in public service through the regulation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Article 74, annual reporting obligations, and protection of stakeholders. However, its implementation still faces challenges related to normative inconsistency, limited scope of CSR obligations, and weak law enforcement. This study recommends regulatory harmonization, expansion of CSR obligations, and strengthening of oversight mechanisms to enhance the effectiveness of the corporate role in public service.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bachtiar Kemal Harahap, Pandri Zulfikar, Teddy T Pingak, Akhmad Faishal, M Zaenuddin Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS PENERIMAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP CRYPTO ASSET SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN HEDGING INVESTASI PERBANKAN SYARIAH
The development of crypto assets in Indonesia has reached a significant stage with transaction value reaching IDR 482.23 trillion in 2025 and consumer numbers surpassing 20.19 million. On the other hand, Islamic banking in Indonesia faces challenges in diversifying sharia-compliant investment portfolios. This study aims to analyze public acceptance of crypto assets as hedging instruments in Islamic banking investment portfolios, identify legal and sharia challenges, and formulate an ideal regulatory framework. The method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that public acceptance of crypto assets tends to be positive, especially among young age groups, but is confronted with legal uncertainty regarding the sharia status of crypto assets, extreme volatility approaching gharar and maysir elements, and the absence of a definitive fatwa from the National Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council. This study recommends the establishment of a specific fatwa on crypto assets for Islamic banking, strengthening of sharia financial literacy, and harmonization of regulations between OJK, BI, and DSN-MUI to create a sharia-compliant crypto asset investment ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Nurafendi, Hasnah Aziz, Muslimin, Bachtiar Kemal Harahap, Akhmad Faishal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STATUS GIZI DAN LITERASI NUTRISI ORANG TUA SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR KUALITAS HIDUP TERKAIT KESEHATAN PADA ANAK DI DAERAH PEDESAAN
Low parental nutrition literacy is a major risk factor contributing to growth disorders in children within rural areas. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional education and growth stimulation interventions in improving parental knowledge in Sajen Village, Mojokerto. The research method employed was a quantitative study with a pre-test and post-test design involving 50 participants. The intervention was conducted through structured counseling supported by educational media, including booklets and flashcards. Analysis results showed a significant increase in the mean knowledge score, where the pre-test score of 15.62 ± 3.25 rose to 19.12 ± 2.77 in the post-test. The mean score difference was 3.5 points, representing a 22.4% increase compared to the baseline. Distributively, 78% of participants experienced an increase in scores, with the highest improvement reaching 13 points. This study concludes that community-based nutritional education interventions are effective in significantly enhancing parental knowledge. These findings support the necessity of implementing similar sustainable educational programs as a preventive measure to improve children's health quality in rural communities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Natalia Indawati, Areta Idarto, Lydia, Natalia Yuwono, Nathania Dwi Kencanawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MODEL INTEGRATIF KONSEPTUAL DAN PRODUKSI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS TIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN INTERAKTIVITAS DAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN
This study aims to analyze an integrative model of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based learning media in improving interactivity and the quality of 21st-century learning. The research used a qualitative approach through literature review and observation at SMK Kuala Kapuas. Data were collected from journals, books, and scientific articles related to educational technology and digital learning. The results show that ICT-based learning media improve student engagement, classroom interactivity, learning motivation, and critical and collaborative thinking skills. The use of videos, multimedia, simulations, and e-learning platforms also supports more active and effective learning. However, challenges remain, including limited teacher digital competence and technological facilities. Therefore, continuous training and ICT infrastructure support are needed to optimize digital learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahidin Wahidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTASI REVOLUSI MENTAL MELALUI INSTAGRAM: ANALISIS STRATEGI KEHUMASAN KEMENKO PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DAN KEBUDAYAAN RI
This study aims to analyze public relations strategies in the implementation of the Mental Revolution Program through Instagram at the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Cultural Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The Mental Revolution represents an effort to transform public mindsets, attitudes, and behaviors based on the values of integrity, work ethic, and mutual cooperation in order to build a progressive and competitive nation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and triangulation to ensure comprehensive findings. The results indicate that the implemented public relations strategies have optimally utilized social media as a means of public communication, particularly in reaching younger audiences. These strategies include the development of positive content, cross-sector collaboration, and the use of media relations to expand information dissemination. The SWOT analysis reveals that the main strengths lie in effective team coordination, structured communication strategies, and a strong organizational culture, while weaknesses include limited human resources and insufficient technological support. Opportunities arise from extensive networks with various institutions and media, whereas threats stem from public perceptions and limited communication competencies. In practice, the Mental Revolution Program is implemented participatively through various initiatives such as Indonesia Serving, Clean, Orderly, Independent, and United, which are disseminated via Instagram. However, its implementation has not been evenly distributed across regions and has only reached approximately 70%, due to budget constraints and varying levels of commitment among local governments. Therefore, the success of this program largely depends on synergy among stakeholders and consistency in internalizing transformative values within society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunilia Edon, Syarifuddin Gassing, Ilona V. Oisina S https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM DAN PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH: TREN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DI INDONESIA
This study examines curriculum and learning management in secondary schools, focusing on development trends and their implementation in Indonesia. The study is motivated by changes in education policy that require schools to be more adaptive, flexible and learner-centred. Curriculum management is understood not only as the organisation of academic documents, but also as an interrelated process of planning, implementation, evaluation and development of learning. In the Indonesian context, the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum represents a form of educational reform that emphasises differentiated learning, the strengthening of competencies, and school autonomy in managing the operational curriculum. The method employed in this study is a literature review, examining various scholarly sources such as journal articles, books, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that trends in curriculum management in secondary schools are moving towards more active, competence-based learning supported by the use of digital technology. However, its implementation still faces challenges regarding teacher readiness, limited facilities and infrastructure, and disparities in capacity between schools. Therefore, the success of curriculum management and learning depends heavily on synergy between headteachers, teachers, students, and educational policy support. Consequently, strengthening human resource capacity and improving support systems are crucial factors in enhancing the quality of secondary education in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hasbullah Hasbullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEPEMIMPINAN ADAPTIF: KOMPETENSI PEMIMPIN MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN PADA THE ABUNDANCE ERA
The Society 5.0 era and the Abundance Era bring with them an abundance of information, rapid technological advancement, and disruption that demand leaders possess adaptive and visionary competencies. This study aims to identify the leadership competencies required to navigate change in the Society 5.0 era, as well as to analyse the relevance of the transformational leadership model in responding to the dynamics of technological and information abundance. The research method employed is a literature review, examining various scientific articles, research reports, and academic sources related to leadership, change management, and the development of Society 5.0. The results indicate that leaders in the 5.0 era must master core competencies such as critical thinking, innovation, digital literacy, and the ability to manage change sustainably. Furthermore, the success of transformational leadership is significantly influenced by regulatory support, organisational policies, and the availability of adequate resources. Consequently, today’s leaders need to capitalise on the opportunities presented by technological abundance whilst ensuring the organisation is prepared to undergo strategic transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amal Fathullah, Muhammad Rizki Rezani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA MEMBACA KRITIS MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MULTILITERASI KRITIS BERBASIS ENGAGED LEARNING PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN BANYURADEN SLEMAN
The purpose of this study was to improve the critical reading skills of fourth-grade students of Banyuraden Public Elementary School through a critical multiliteracy learning model based on engaged learning. The research method used classroom action research with cycles 1 and 2. The study was conducted from November to December 2025, in Indonesian language lessons at Banyuraden Public Elementary School, Sleman Regency. The subjects were 30 fourth-grade students of Banyuraden Public Elementary School, Sleman Regency, studying Indonesian. Data collection methods included observation sheets, questionnaires, and test results. Data analysis techniques used were qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that the average class score on the critical reading language skills test increased from pre-cycle (cycle I) to cycle II, with an average score of 60. In cycle 1, the average score increased from 72.89 to 81.11. In the pre-cycle, 5 students scored above the Minimum Competency (KKM) for critical reading skills, with a critical reading skills percentage of 16.67%. In cycle 1, 18 students scored above the Minimum Competency (KKM) for critical reading skills, with a critical reading skills percentage of 60. In cycle 2, 25 students scored above the Minimum Competency (KKM) for critical reading skills, with a critical reading skills percentage of 83.3%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ika Saputri, Taufik Muhtarom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN “DRILL SPIKE” TERHADAP KETEPATAN SPIKE SISWA AKADEMI BOLA VOLI BULELENG
This study aimed to analyze the effect of the drill spike training method on the spike accuracy of students at the Buleleng Volleyball Academy. The research employed an experimental method using a Two Groups Pretest–Posttest Design involving male athletes as the research subjects. The experimental group received structured and repetitive drill spike training for 12 sessions, while the control group underwent the academy’s regular training program. The results showed a greater improvement in spike accuracy in the experimental group compared to the control group. The average posttest score of the experimental group increased from 20.00 to 38.10, whereas the control group improved from 23.10 to 32.50. The results of the Independent Sample t-test indicated a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, demonstrating that the drill spike training method had a significant effect on improving spike accuracy. The improvement occurred because the training was conducted repeatedly, systematically, and focused on movement coordination, timing, strength, and ball direction control. In addition to enhancing technical skills, this method also helped improve athletes’ confidence and consistency during attacks. Therefore, the drill spike training method can be used as an effective alternative training approach to improve spike accuracy in volleyball.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Wayan Surya Prama Teguh Ananta, Made Agus Dharmadi, I Kadek Happy Kardiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FINANCIAL LITERACY AND SME PERFORMANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF INDONESIAN MICRO BUSINESSES
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in Indonesia's economic growth, but still face various challenges, especially in managing business finances. One of the factors that is considered to affect the success of the business is financial literacy. Financial literacy is not only related to the ability to understand financial concepts, but also the ability to make the right financial decisions to support business sustainability. This study aims to analyze the relationship between financial literacy and MSME performance through a literature review approach on micro enterprises in Indonesia. The method used in this study is literature review by reviewing various scientific articles, national and international journals, as well as relevant previous research on financial literacy and MSME performance. The results of the study show that financial literacy has a positive influence on the performance of MSMEs, especially in the aspects of capital management, business decision-making, financial efficiency, and the ability to deal with business risks. In addition, financial literacy also plays a role in improving the adaptability of MSMEs to technological developments and financial digitalization. This study found that most of the previous research still focused on quantitative empirical approaches, so that the review of the integrative literature is still limited. Therefore, this research is expected to make a theoretical contribution to the development of financial literacy studies and become a consideration for the government and business actors in improving the quality of MSME management in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desi Rahmawati, Latifatul Isro’iyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI SDM DI ERA TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL: STRATEGI UPSKILLING DAN RESKILLING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN DAYA SAING KERJA
Rapid advances in digital technology have transformed the world of work and necessitate the development of human resource competencies that are adaptable to digital transformation. This article aims to analyse the concept and urgency of human resource competency development in the era of digital transformation, as well as to identify effective upskilling and reskilling strategies to enhance productivity and workplace competitiveness. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative approach. The research findings indicate that the development of HR competencies is both an urgent necessity and a strategic investment for organisational sustainability. The widening skills gap is a major challenge that must be addressed through systematic upskilling and reskilling strategies. Effective strategies include identifying competency needs, designing relevant curricula, utilising learning technologies such as Learning Management Systems and digital learning, and fostering a culture of continuous learning. The research indicates that employees who participate in upskilling and reskilling programmes experience a productivity increase of up to 30%, higher engagement, and improved staff retention. Integrating talent development strategies with organisational needs can strengthen a company’s competitiveness in the global market and ensure that technology investments deliver optimal results. Support from transformational leadership and synergy between organisations and the government are key factors in the success of competency development programmes in the digital age.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jackson Yumame, Ramdan Yusuf, Edy Sijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVOLUSI KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN DALAM DUA DEKADE TERAKHIR
Education in Indonesia has undergone significant curricular transformations over the past two decades, ranging from the 2004 Competency-Based Curriculum (KBK), the 2006 School-Based Curriculum (KTSP), the 2013 Curriculum, to the 2022 Merdeka Curriculum. This study aims to analyse the evolution of the education curriculum in Indonesia and its impact on the quality of learning from 2004 to 2024 using a literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The research findings indicate that each curriculum change has introduced a new paradigm: shifting from teacher-centred to student-centred learning, from a focus on subject mastery to the development of competencies, and from national standardisation to flexibility and differentiation in learning. The positive impact of these changes is evident in the increased emphasis on critical thinking skills, creativity, collaboration, and character development through the Pancasila Student Profile. However, implementation faces significant challenges, including uneven teacher readiness, disparities in facilities between regions, an increased administrative burden on teachers, and instability in the education system due to overly frequent changes. Consequently, curriculum changes alone are insufficient to significantly improve the quality of education, as factors such as teacher quality and regional disparities have a greater influence on learning outcomes. This study concludes that the successful implementation of the curriculum requires holistic systemic improvements, including the continuous enhancement of teacher competencies, the equitable distribution of educational infrastructure and resources, and the support of a strong educational ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Almira Ulimaz, Muthmainnah Mursidin, Busnawir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly developing as a technology that is able to support the transformation of the agribusiness sector through the use of data and business process automation. This study aims to analyze the opportunities, challenges, and directions of Artificial Intelligence development in agribusiness based on various relevant scientific literature. The research uses the library research method with data sources in the form of journal articles, books, proceedings, and other scientific publications obtained through documentation studies. The collected data was analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify key themes related to the application of AI in agribusiness. The results show that the use of AI makes a significant contribution to improving production efficiency, optimizing the use of resources, predicting the accuracy of crop yields, supply chain management, and data-driven decision-making. In addition, AI implementation still faces various obstacles, such as limited digital infrastructure, high technology adoption costs, low human resource capacity, and data security and privacy issues. This study also shows that future AI development needs to be directed towards more inclusive, affordable, and sustainable technologies to support the increase in the competitiveness of the agribusiness sector. Thus, AI has the potential to be a strategic instrument in encouraging the modernization and sustainability of agribusiness in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Rochman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF WORKPLACE FLEXIBILITY IN ENHANCING EMPLOYEE RETENTION AMONG GENERATION Z: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Generation Z is increasingly dominating the labor market and bringing changes to employee expectations regarding the work environment. One of the factors considered important in retaining Generation Z employees is workplace flexibility. This study aims to analyze the role of workplace flexibility in enhancing employee retention among Generation Z through a qualitative approach using library research. Data were obtained from various academic sources, including books, scientific journal articles, research reports, and other relevant publications discussing workplace flexibility, employee retention, and Generation Z in the workplace. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis to identify patterns, themes, and relationships among the concepts studied. The findings indicate that workplace flexibility, such as flexible working hours, remote working, and hybrid working, plays a significant role in improving employee retention among Generation Z. Furthermore, factors such as work-life balance, job satisfaction, employee well-being, organizational commitment, and employee engagement help explain the relationship between workplace flexibility and employee retention. The study also reveals that the successful implementation of workplace flexibility is influenced by organizational culture, leadership support, and technological readiness. This research contributes to the human resource management literature and provides practical implications for organizations in designing retention strategies that align with the characteristics and expectations of Generation Z.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desi Rahmawati, Eko Santoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING IN FOSTERING ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Employee welfare is one of the important factors in human resource management that plays a role in shaping positive work attitudes and behaviors. One of the behaviors that has received attention in the organizational behavior literature is Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), which is the voluntary behavior of employees that is carried out outside of formal duties and contributes to the effectiveness of the organization. This study aims to analyze the role of employee welfare in encouraging Organizational Citizenship Behavior and identify the factors that affect the relationship between the two. This research uses a library research method with a qualitative descriptive approach through the study of various relevant literature in the field of human resource management and organizational behavior. The results of the study show that employee welfare generally consists of psychological, emotional, social, and work environment dimensions that together affect employee work behavior. Various studies show that there is a positive relationship between employee well-being and Organizational Citizenship Behavior which is reflected through increased behavior of helping colleagues, concern for the organization, work responsibilities, and active participation in organizational activities. The study also found that job satisfaction, employee engagement, organizational commitment, organizational support, leadership support, and work-life balance are factors that can strengthen the relationship between employee well-being and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Conversely, burnout and work stress have the potential to weaken those relationships. These findings confirm that employee well-being is a strategic resource that not only improves the quality of employees' working lives, but also encourages voluntary behaviors that support organizational effectiveness and sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eko Santoso, Desi Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA ARBITRASE TERHADAP KEPASTIAN HUKUM PERSEROAN
Dispute resolution is a fundamental aspect of legal practice, particularly in the business and corporate context. Arbitration, as one of the mechanisms for dispute resolution outside the ordinary courts, has provided a significant alternative for business entities, including limited liability companies. This study aims to analyse the impact of dispute resolution through arbitration on legal certainty for companies in Indonesia. The research method employed is a normative legal approach, utilising legislative and conceptual frameworks. The findings indicate that arbitration makes a positive contribution to legal certainty for limited liability companies through the final and binding nature of its awards, the efficiency of dispute resolution timelines, and the protection of business confidentiality. However, there are several obstacles affecting the optimisation of arbitration’s function, including legal uncertainty regarding the enforcement of arbitral awards, limitations on the scope of disputes that can be resolved through arbitration, and the relatively high costs of arbitration. Based on the results of the analysis, this study recommends the need to revise Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution to provide more comprehensive legal protection for companies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ervawati, Pandri Zulfikar, Dede Agus Sodikin, Djamal Efendi, Imam Fathwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTASI CYBER NOTARY DALAM RUPS ELEKTRONIK PADA PERSEROAN TERBUKA: ANALISIS BATASAN WEWENANG DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM NOTARIS
The development of information technology has driven the transformation of the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) mechanism from face-to-face to electronic (e-GMS). This is intended to eliminate the constraints of distance and location between shareholders. This phenomenon places notaries in a crucial position as cyber notaries to ensure the authenticity and legal certainty of the minutes of meetings held online. The authority of notaries, expressly stated in the UUJN, still emphasizes conventional processes, while notaries are also required to adapt to developments in information technology. In addition, notaries are also required to apply the prudent notary principle, which requires notaries to act with integrity, honesty, and thoroughness in verifying the identity, competence, and accuracy of the parties' statements to prevent legal defects in authentic deeds. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the cyber notary concept in the implementation of e-GMS, identify the technical and legal obstacles faced by notaries, and evaluate legal protection for notaries in exercising their authority.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anis Khafifah Mz, Nuzulia Kumala Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SERTIFIKASI HALAL SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DAN PENGUATAN SOSIAL EKONOMI UMKM PENGOLAHAN IKAN DI KABUPATEN SAMBAS
This study analyzes halal certification as an instrument of consumer protection and socio-economic strengthening for fish processing MSMEs in Sambas Regency. The study applies a descriptive qualitative data on the implementation of halal certificates in MSMEs within the fish processing industry. The data are examined by positioning halal certification as a socio-economic practice related to information certainty, consumer trust, product added value, business literacy, certification costs, and the role of local government. The findings show that halal certification functions not merely as administrative proof of product halalness, but also as a consumer protection mechanism that provides assurance over ingredients, production processes, storage, packaging, distribution, sales, and serving. For MSME actors, halal certification may strengthen market legitimacy, improve competitiveness, and increase the economic value of fish-based products such as amplang crackers, salted fish, dried fish, fish crackers, fish balls, and shrimp paste. However, this strengthening has not been evenly realized because many MSMEs still face limited financial capacity, low procedural understanding, weak human resources, and the belief that traditionally produced products are automatically halal. Local government has contributed through socialization and free halal certificate facilitation, yet more structured, continuous, and community-based assistance is needed for coastal household enterprises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Misbun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DENGAN E-WOM DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN SEBAGAI MEDIASI PADA TOKOPEDIA DI BALI
The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has intensified competition among marketplace platforms in retaining customer loyalty. This study aims to examine the effect of customer experience on customer loyalty, with electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) and customer satisfaction serving as mediating variables among Tokopedia users in Bali. A quantitative research approach was employed using a survey method involving 200 active Tokopedia users in Bali. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4 software. The findings reveal that customer experience has a positive and significant effect on e-WOM (β = 0.621; p < 0.001), customer satisfaction (β = 0.640; p < 0.001), and customer loyalty (β = 0.376; p < 0.001). Furthermore, e-WOM (β = 0.314; p < 0.001) and customer satisfaction (β = 0.278; p < 0.001) were found to have positive and significant effects on customer loyalty. The mediation analysis indicates that both e-WOM and customer satisfaction partially mediate the relationship between customer experience and customer loyalty. These findings demonstrate that a positive customer experience not only enhances customer satisfaction and positive online communication but also strengthens customer loyalty toward Tokopedia. Therefore, optimizing customer experience is a crucial strategic approach for marketplace platforms seeking to establish long-term relationships with consumers in an increasingly competitive digital environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Komang Ricky Satya Subagia, I Gusti Ayu Tirtayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH DIGITAL PAYMENT DAN ONLINE REVIEW TERHADAP NIAT BELI KONSUMEN PADA UMKM GEDONG ROTI DI DENPASAR
This study aims to analyze the effect of digital payment and online reviews on consumer purchase intention at Gedong Roti MSMEs in Denpasar City. A quantitative approach was employed involving 120 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method with SmartPLS version 3.2.9 software. The results indicate that digital payment and online reviews have a positive and significant effect on consumer purchase intention. These findings suggest that the convenience of digital payment systems and credible online reviews can enhance consumers' purchase intentions toward Gedong Roti MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mulia Putra Muliana, Putu Astri Lestari, Gede Puspa, Putu Yogi Agustia Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NEED ASSESSMENT DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: PERSPEKTIF KAUSAL UNTUK PERENCANAAN PENDIDIKAN YANG EFEKTIF
Effective educational planning requires a comprehensive understanding of the evolving needs within the educational environment. In the context of Islamic education, these needs encompass not only academic aspects but also the spiritual, moral, social, and intellectual dimensions of learners. Therefore, need assessment serves as a vital tool for identifying the gap between the current situation and the desired ideal state. This article aims to examine the concept of need assessment in Islamic education, identify the factors causing the emergence of educational needs, and analyse the role of the causal approach in realising effective educational planning. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research. Data were obtained through a documentary study of various books, scientific articles, and relevant literature sources, and were subsequently analysed using content analysis. The results of the study indicate that educational needs in Islamic education are influenced by various internal and external factors, such as learner characteristics, teacher competence, institutional management, the social environment, educational policy, and technological developments. The causal analysis approach has proven capable of helping to identify the root causes of educational needs, thereby ensuring that the programmes designed are more targeted, efficient, and sustainable. Thus, the application of a causal-based need assessment can serve as an effective strategy for enhancing the quality of Islamic educational planning that is adaptable to changing times whilst remaining oriented towards the holistic achievement of Islamic educational objectives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Masruni, Moch Isra Hajiri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP IN ISLAM: AN ANALYSIS OF JURGEN HABERMAS’S PHILOSOPHY
Indeed, women possess the same ability to lead as men. However, culture and religion, including Islam, often seem to provide little space for women to develop their leadership potential. Various arguments have been put forward, cultural, social, and religious, to restrict women’s leadership. Nevertheless, historical facts demonstrate that women have proven capable of becoming competent leaders since the classical Islamic period up to the present day. Quantitatively, the number of Muslim women who hold leadership positions, whether in the executive, legislative, or judicial branches, has become countless. This reality serves as a reversal of the negative stigma against women, which Habermas refers to as an ideology critique. Moreover, Islam itself teaches the values of equality and respect toward women, just as it does toward men. Therefore, a study examining the issue of Muslim women’s leadership through the lens of Habermas’s philosophy is necessary. This research is descriptive-qualitative in nature, with the material object being women’s leadership in Islam and the formal object being Habermas’s philosophy. The study produced two main findings: First, Muslim women have the right to become leaders according to Islamic teachings and the views of Islamic scholars. Second, the reality of women in leadership illustrates that their struggle to claim the right to lead, just as men do, can be understood through Habermas’s concept of ideology critique, namely a critique against the rigid interpretation of Qur’anic verses and hadith. This critique employs cultural, historical, and linguistic approaches, as both the Qur’an and hadith, being the foundational sources of Islamic life, including leadership, carry socio-cultural and historical contexts. Thus, their essential meanings can be understood more fully.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatrawati Kumari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0