Berajah Journal
type: channel
description: BERAJAH JOURNAL (ISSN: 2797-1805 | E-ISSN: 2797-1082) publishes articles about education and learning in general. Contains articles/research results written by experts, scientists, practitioners and reviewers in the fields of education and learning, as well as self-development in all social and scientific disciplines. BERAJAH JOURNAL accepts and publishes articles in Indonesian and English. Some of the scope Berajah Journal include: Theories and foundations of education and learning, Philosophy of education and learning, Education and learning technology, Educational Psychology, Education and learning media, Education evaluation, Education Management, Education and learning innovation, Education for all levels, Formal education, informal education, non-formal education, rural education, urban education, education and learning curriculum, educators and students, education and learning policies, learning methods and strategies, learning assessment, social culture, and personal development in various social science disciplines, natural sciences, and technology. The complete focus and scope of this journal can be checked via the following link: Focus and Scope Download Journal Template: ENGLISH | INDONESIA Submit your work to BERAJAH JOURNAL!
publisher: CV. Lafadz Jaya
language: en-US
publication name: Berajah Journal
issn: 2797-1805
items: PENGARUH KONTINUITAS SANTRI DALAM MUROJA’AH TERHADAP KUALITAS HAFALANNYA PADA AL-QUR’AN
items: MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SHALAT BERJAMAAH UNTUK INTERNALISASI DISIPLIN ANAK DI TARBIYATUL AULAD NURUS SUNNAH PEMALANG
items: PERAN GURU AHLI DAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENERAPAN METODE TALAQQI PADA PROGRAM TAHFIDZ ANAK USIA DINI DI LPQ AL HIDAYAH KOTABARU
items: UPAYA GURU BAHASA ARAB DALAM MENGATASI PROBLEMATIKA MEMBACA TEKS BAHASA ARAB PADA SISWA MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
items: ANALISIS HUKUM PERUBAHAN SKEMA MANDATORY SPENDING KESEHATAN: UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN EFISIENSI ANGGARAN BERBASIS KINERJA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL
items: ANALISIS ELEMEN AIDA PADA MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM @indonesia.g20 DALAM PRESIDENSI G20 INDONESIA
items: KETAHANAN KARIR DAN KETERAMPILAN KERJA DI KALANGAN PEKERJA GENERASI Z DI ERA DIGITAL
items: POLA PENGELUARAN KONSUMEN SELAMA KETIDAKPASTIAN EKONOMI: PENDEKATAN BERBASIS SURVEI
items: FENOMENOLOGI MAHASISWA DAERAH PROVINSI JAMBI DALAM MENGELOLA KONFLIK PENYESUAIAN KOMUNIKASI DI JAKARTA
items: https://ojs.berajah.com/index.php/go/article/view/168
items: STRATEGI GURU PAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA DI SD NEGERI DANARAJA 02
items: DAMPAK REVITALISASI PASAR TRADISIONAL TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI PEDAGANG SOUVENIR DI PASAR RAKYAT TEMATIK WISATA UBUD
items: THE ANALYSIS OF CHEMISTRY BOOK’S EFFECTIVENESS IN LEARNING PROCESS
items: PERAN KINERJA LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI DALAM HUBUNGAN AKUNTANSI HIJAU DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN
items: PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN CITRA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DI BENGKEL ACHMAD MOTOR (BATURAJA)
items: PENGARUH ANALISIS STRATEGI DIGITAL MARKETING DAN KEPERCAYAAN MEREK DALAM MEMBENTUK KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN: STUDI KASUS DI TOKO RODEO RAJANYA KANDANG
items: PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK SKINCARE OVERCLAIM BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
items: PERSEPSI PENDENGAR GEN-Z KOTA PALEMBANG PADA IKLAN DI RADIO GLOBAL 101 FM
items: IMPLEMENTASI PENGARUSUTAMAAN GENDER DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DI KABUPATEN KOTABARU
items: PENGARUH DUKUNGAN SOSIAL, KUALITAS PENGAJARAN, DAN PENGEMBANGAN PROFESIONAL TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENGAJAR PADA GURU ANAK USIA DINI
items: UNDANG-UNDANG 16 TAHUN 2019 PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG - UNDANG NOMOR. 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN
items: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D SERUM [25(OH)D] AND MORBUS HANSEN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
items: IMPLEMENTASI ADAB MEMBACA DAN MENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN TERHADAP SISWA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER QUR’ANI
items: IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGUPAHAN DI KOTA TASIKMALAYA PASCA UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA
items: TINJAUAN LITERATUR: KAJIAN EFEKTIVITAS ANTI JAMUR DAUN SIRIH HIJAU & KUNYIT DALAM PENGOBATAN KEPUTIHAN WANITA
items: PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP BARANG PESANAN YANG TIDAK SESUAI DALAM TRANSAKSI ONLINE MELALUI SHOPEE
items: PERAN KOMUNIKASI AUDIT AUDITOR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS DATA SEBAGAI PENUNJANG LAPORAN HASIL AUDIT
items: KELAYAKAN MENIKAH PADA PEREMPUAN DAYAK DI LERENG PEGUNUNGAN MERATUS

PENGARUH KONTINUITAS SANTRI DALAM MUROJA’AH TERHADAP KUALITAS HAFALANNYA PADA AL-QUR’AN
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the effect of students’ continuity in performing muroja’ah on the quality of Qur’anic memorization among fifth-grade students at Pondok Pesantren Nurus Sunnah Tegal. The background of this research is the variation in memorization quality among students despite having relatively similar amounts of memorized verses. This study employs a quantitative approach using a correlational method. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and memorization tests. The results indicate that there is a significant effect of muroja’ah continuity on the quality of Qur’anic memorization. The more consistent the students perform muroja’ah, the higher the quality of their memorization, as reflected in fluency, accuracy of tajwid, and memorization retention. This research is expected to serve as a reference for Qur’anic educational institutions in improving students’ memorization quality through continuous and structured muroja’ah practices.
creator: Teguh Pramono
creator: Taufiq Fauzan Ginanjar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Teguh Pramono, Taufiq Fauzan Ginanjar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 552
ending page: 559
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i7.147

MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SHALAT BERJAMAAH UNTUK INTERNALISASI DISIPLIN ANAK DI TARBIYATUL AULAD NURUS SUNNAH PEMALANG
type: item
description: Building discipline in young boys often faces challenges due to high levels of motor activity which, if not properly managed, can hinder the learning process. This study aims to analyze the process of internalizing discipline in Group B boys through the congregational prayer (shalat berjamaah) learning model at Tarbiyatul Aulad (TA) Nurus Sunnah Pemalang, focusing on the 'Imam Cilik' (Young Imam) strategy as an educational instrument to channel motor energy into self-control and responsibility. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and character development documentation. The results reveal that rotating the 'Imam Cilik' role effectively manages children's physical energy positively through three phases of internalization: mimetic (imitation of movements), identification (reduction of impulsivity through the moral weight of the role), and autonomy (independent awareness). The findings show that the discipline formed is generalized to activities outside of prayer, where children who initially exhibited undirected motor activity became calmer and more responsible. The study concludes that the 'Imam Cilik' model is effective in transforming motor energy into a foundation for leadership character and autonomous discipline in boys.
creator: Epy Pujiaty
creator: Budi Hartati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Epy Pujiaty, Budi Hartati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 560
ending page: 571
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i7.403

PERAN GURU AHLI DAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENERAPAN METODE TALAQQI PADA PROGRAM TAHFIDZ ANAK USIA DINI DI LPQ AL HIDAYAH KOTABARU
type: item
description: The Qur'an for Muslims is not merely a holy book to be read, but a guide to life whose authenticity is preserved through the tradition of memorisation (tahfidz). This tradition has been practised since the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW until today. Instilling a love for and ability to memorise (Zulfikar, 2024). The Talaqqi method is a memorisation technique that has been used since the time of the Prophet and remains relevant today. This approach brings teachers and students together and encourages active interaction during the process of memorising the Qur'an (Nurzulaikha, 2019). Memorising the Qur'an at an early age can have a significant impact on the lives of Muslims. Every child is unique and has a different learning speed, so there is no need to compare the abilities of one child with another (Suma'at, Rahendra Maya, 2020). Early childhood is a very important period in an individual's development. This period is marked by the emergence of all the crucial phases that form the basis of a person's life until the next stage of development (Lukman & Mulyati, 2021). Early childhood is the most important period to begin memorising the Qur'an (Ainia et al., 2021). In children's learning development, parenting and the role of parents are very important in nurturing children's potential, advancing the quality of early childhood education, and supporting children's growth to the maximum. (Rijkiyani, 2022). Teachers or educators have a very strategic and central position in educational activities. They require intelligence, maturity, moral integrity, sincerity, and much more. Given the importance of the position of teachers or educators in carrying out their duties of educating and teaching students, it is necessary to understand the role of teachers in the perspective of Islamic education in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the importance of the duties of a teacher, teacher competence, and the characteristics that a teacher must possess. (Nashihin, 2021). Su…
creator: Dewi Zakiyatul Asykia
creator: Agus Darwanto
creator: Mega Satria
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Siti Novita Chandra, Enawar, Intan Sari Ramdhani , Sumiyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 572
ending page: 578
doi: 10.47353/bj.v2i1.45

UPAYA GURU BAHASA ARAB DALAM MENGATASI PROBLEMATIKA MEMBACA TEKS BAHASA ARAB PADA SISWA MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
type: item
description: This study was motivated by the low ability of sixth-grade students at MI Miftahul Huda Punggur, Central Lampung, in reading Arabic texts, which is indicated by errors in makhraj pronunciation, inability to distinguish vowel marks, limited vocabulary mastery, and low learning motivation. This study aims to describe the learning process of reading Arabic texts, identify the students’ reading problems, and analyze the teacher’s efforts to overcome these problems. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that students’ reading ability was still varied with an average score of 64.8, where 54% of students achieved learning mastery and 46% did not. The reading problems were influenced by internal factors such as low motivation, lack of self-confidence, and limited vocabulary mastery, as well as external factors such as limited teaching methods and learning media. The teacher’s efforts to overcome these problems were carried out through drill methods, talaqqi, repeated reading exercises, the use of vocabulary flashcards, motivation and rewards, and additional tutoring outside class hours. These strategies were proven to improve reading fluency, pronunciation accuracy, and student participation in learning.
creator: Alvina Dewi Anggraini
creator: Ahmad Nur Mizan
creator: Zulhannan
creator: Intan Muflihah
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Lisnor Ajizah, Riinawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 579 – 583
ending page: 579 – 583
doi: 10.47353/bj.v2i1.46

ANALISIS HUKUM PERUBAHAN SKEMA MANDATORY SPENDING KESEHATAN: UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN EFISIENSI ANGGARAN BERBASIS KINERJA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL
type: item
description: The transformation of health regulations in Indonesia through Law Number 17 of 2023 has fundamentally overhauled the national health financing architecture. The most crucial change is the elimination of the mandatory spending scheme, previously set at 5% of the national budget (APBN) and 10% of the regional budget (APBD). This study aims to analyze the legal and philosophical implications of the transition to performance-based budgeting within the national development legal framework. Using normative legal research methods, the study found that this policy constitutes a form of social engineering to address inefficient regional fund absorption. However, the elimination of this minimum threshold poses the risk of legal uncertainty regarding the fulfillment of the human right to health if not accompanied by rigid performance indicators. An optimization strategy through Minimum Service Standards (SPM) and the Health Sector Master Plan (RIBK) is an absolute requirement to ensure inclusive fiscal sustainability in health
creator: Yudhi Hertanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yudhi Hertanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 584
ending page: 589
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.640

ANALISIS ELEMEN AIDA PADA MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM @indonesia.g20 DALAM PRESIDENSI G20 INDONESIA
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the implementation of AIDA communication elements (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) on the Instagram account @indonesia.g20 during Indonesia’s G20 Presidency. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through observation, documentation, and interviews with one expert informant and five followers selected using purposive sampling. The findings indicate that @indonesia.g20 effectively attracted public attention through informative visual content and interactive Instagram features. Audience interest and desire were developed through creative content presentation and transparent information delivery. The action stage was reflected in audience engagement, such as following the account, liking, commenting, and sharing information related to G20 activities. This study concludes that Instagram played an effective role as a digital communication medium in enhancing public engagement during Indonesia’s G20 Presidency.
creator: R. Rifqi Priobagas Putra Wardana
creator: Ni Luh Yulyana Dewi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 R. Rifqi Priobagas Putra Wardana, Ni Luh Yulyana Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 590
ending page: 603
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.54

KETAHANAN KARIR DAN KETERAMPILAN KERJA DI KALANGAN PEKERJA GENERASI Z DI ERA DIGITAL
type: item
description: The rapid development of digital technology has brought significant changes to the world of work, especially for Generation Z workers who grew up and developed in a digital environment. Amidst the dynamics of the job market characterized by technological disruption, work flexibility, and career uncertainty, career resilience has become a critical competency that determines the sustainability and adaptability of individuals in the world of work. In addition, work skills, both technical and non-technical, play a strategic role in supporting Generation Z's ability to survive, adapt, and thrive in the digital era. This study aims to analyze the relationship between career resilience and work skills among Generation Z workers, as well as to identify the role of digital skills and soft skills in strengthening their career resilience. The research method used a quantitative approach with a survey technique of Generation Z workers active in various digital-based industrial sectors. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis to test the relationship between research variables. The results show that work skills, particularly digital skills, adaptability, problem-solving, and continuous learning, have a positive and significant influence on the career resilience of Generation Z workers. These findings emphasize the importance of developing work skills relevant to the demands of the digital era as a primary foundation in building career resilience among the younger generation. This research is expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of career resilience studies as well as practical implications for organizations, educators, and policy makers in designing sustainable human resource development strategies.
creator: K. M. Faisal Reza
creator: M. Fakhriansyah
creator: Syamsul Falaq
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 K. M. Faisal Reza, M. Fakhriansyah, Syamsul Falaq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 875
ending page: 888
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.632

POLA PENGELUARAN KONSUMEN SELAMA KETIDAKPASTIAN EKONOMI: PENDEKATAN BERBASIS SURVEI
type: item
description: Economic uncertainty triggered by macroeconomic fluctuations, inflation, and global market dynamics has brought significant changes to consumer behavior and spending patterns. This study aims to analyze consumer spending patterns during periods of economic uncertainty using a survey-based approach. The research method used is a quantitative survey with data collection through structured questionnaires distributed to consumers from various socioeconomic backgrounds. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to identify changes in spending priorities, savings tendencies, and shifts in consumption from secondary to primary needs. The results show that economic uncertainty encourages consumers to be more cautious in making financial decisions, with an increased focus on essential spending, a reduction in discretionary spending, and an increased preference for products with long-term utility. In addition, income level and perceptions of economic stability have been shown to significantly influence variations in consumer spending patterns. These findings provide theoretical contributions to understanding the dynamics of consumer behavior in unstable economic conditions and provide practical implications for businesses and policymakers in designing adaptive marketing strategies and economic policies.
creator: M. Fakhriansyah
creator: K.M. Faisal Reza
creator: Kurnia Ramadhon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M. Fakhriansyah, K.M. Faisal Reza, Kurnia Ramadhon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 889
ending page: 903
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.631

FENOMENOLOGI MAHASISWA DAERAH PROVINSI JAMBI DALAM MENGELOLA KONFLIK PENYESUAIAN KOMUNIKASI DI JAKARTA
type: item
description: This study examines the experiences of students from Jambi Province in managing communication adjustment conflicts while studying in Jakarta, using a phenomenological approach. The phenomenon of moving to a big city like Jakarta often presents various adaptation challenges, especially in terms of communication, caused by significant cultural differences. This study aims to understand the essence of these students' conscious experiences in facing the clash of values, norms, and communication habits between the collectivist Jambi Malay culture and the individualistic urban culture of Jakarta. Using in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants, this study identified four main themes that describe their transformative journey. These themes include language failure due to differences in dialect and speech speed, difficulties navigating norms, Jakarta's directness in contrast to Jambi's culture of small talk, the development of coping strategies such as mimicry and strengthening ethnic communities, and finally the formation of a hybrid communicative identity. The results show that this communication conflict directly impacts psychological aspects such as anxiety and decreased self-esteem, but through various strategies, the students successfully transformed this conflict into a new skill and identity strength.
creator: Syubhan Akib
creator: Ahmad Robert
creator: Nanda Rahayu Haryadi
creator: Agung Famungkas
creator: Dedi Saputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Syubhan Akib, Ahmad Robert, Nanda Rahayu Haryadi, Dedi Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 904
ending page: 913
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.53

https://ojs.berajah.com/index.php/go/article/view/168
type: item
title: STRATEGI OPTIMALISASI KESIAPAN PENDIDIK DAN PESERTA DIDIK TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN AI YANG BERTANGGUNG JAWAB DI RUANG BELAJAR: ANALISIS LITERATUR MENGENAI MITIGASI RISIKO PLAGIARISME, PENGUATAN INTEGRITAS AKADEMIK, DAN PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS LITERASI DATA
description: This study analyses strategies for optimising the readiness of educators and learners to utilise responsible artificial intelligence (AI) in the learning environment through a literature review, focusing on mitigating the risk of plagiarism, strengthening academic integrity, and improving data literacy capacity. Findings from two main discussions show that an integrated approach—covering strict institutional policies such as AI codes of honour, authentic task design, advanced plagiarism detection technology, and data literacy frameworks such as the AILit Framework and H-AI-H model—effectively reduces plagiarism incidents by up to 40% while building students' cognitive resilience through personalised ethical learning and interdisciplinary training. This study recommends a layered national Responsible AI Use Framework for Indonesia, including mass teacher training, standardised anti-plagiarism guidelines, and a mandatory data literacy curriculum, to realise an inclusive education ecosystem in line with the Merdeka Curriculum and the 2045 golden generation vision.
creator: Ignatius Septo Pramesworo
creator: Aslan Aslan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ignatius Septo Pramesworo, Aslan Aslan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 914
ending page: 925
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.168

STRATEGI GURU PAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA DI SD NEGERI DANARAJA 02
type: item
description: This research is motivated by the importance of appropriate learning strategies for lower-grade students who possess specific cognitive and emotional developmental characteristics, such as short attention spans and a tendency to get bored easily. The purpose of this study is to describe in depth the strategies used by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers to increase the learning interest of third-grade students at SD Negeri Danaraja 02, Tegal. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques including observation, structured interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, using triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The results show that students' interest in learning is heavily influenced by the teacher's delivery method. Varied learning strategies, such as practice-based learning (wudu and prayer), the use of songs, visual media, and contextual approaches, proved effective in increasing student engagement and understanding compared to pure lecture methods. Although efforts have been made to implement the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, teachers still face challenges due to the diverse abilities of students. The conclusion of this study is that the use of active, creative, and fun learning strategies tailored to the concrete operational stage of children can significantly increase students' interest in PAI subjects. It is suggested that PAI teachers continue to develop adaptive pedagogical methods to accommodate student diversity and optimize learning outcomes.
creator: Septyana Suryani
creator: Koko Khoerudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Septyana Suryani, Koko Khoerudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 926
ending page: 933
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.593

DAMPAK REVITALISASI PASAR TRADISIONAL TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI PEDAGANG SOUVENIR DI PASAR RAKYAT TEMATIK WISATA UBUD
type: item
description: The revitalization of the Ubud Thematic Tourism Public Market has brought physical, social, and economic changes that have affected the socio-economic conditions of souvenir traders. This study aims to describe these changes and analyze the impact of revitalization on the socio-economic conditions of souvenir traders. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis follows the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, consisting of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that revitalization has had a positive impact on traders’ educational conditions through the improvement of digital skills, including the use of QRIS and EDC payment systems and the adoption of basic bookkeeping practices. However, training related to foreign languages and digital marketing has not yet been provided. In terms of working conditions, revitalization has increased working hours, supported by improved efficiency, security, comfort, and work motivation. Nevertheless, social disparities have emerged between traders located on the first and second floors. Despite this, revitalization has also contributed positively by enhancing interaction and cooperation among traders. Regarding income conditions, the findings indicate that income improvements remain suboptimal or have even declined compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, mainly due to the increasing number of traders without product diversification and the less strategic access to the second floor.
creator: I Wayan Sandika Putra
creator: Ida Bagus Suryawan
creator: Putri Kusuma Sanjiwani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 I Wayan Sandika Putra, Ida Bagus Suryawan, Putri Kusuma Sanjiwani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 934
ending page: 946
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.446

THE ANALYSIS OF CHEMISTRY BOOK’S EFFECTIVENESS IN LEARNING PROCESS
type: item
description: A book is useful to train students to learn independently which are systematically arranged to achieve learning objectives. Learning using modules will make learning more effective, efficient and relevant. The purpose of this research is to specify the effectiveness of the book : Atomic Structure and Chemical Element. This is a field research by using pretest - posttest control group design. The sample is 11 Chemistry Education students for the Chemistry Class, Odd Semester 2023/2024 chosed to assure a deputy cohort. Interview, documentation, and test questions are carried out to get the data by using the N-Gain test. The grade of students is 0.5 in the moderate category. It explains that the book can upgrade students' knowledge and understanding. Learning with the developed book can make students more viable in the class and has been potent in upgrading student learning achievements. Therefore, it is recommended that lecturers in the field of Chemistry Studies can use this book and can develop it for other discussion topics.
creator: Siska Oktapianti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Siska Oktapianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 947
ending page: 951
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.481

PERAN KINERJA LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI DALAM HUBUNGAN AKUNTANSI HIJAU DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of green accounting on financial performance and the role of environmental performance as a moderating variable in energy and mining sector companies listed on the LQ45 index. The study used a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of company annual reports for the 2022–2024 period. Green accounting was measured using the KSCI index, financial performance was proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), and environmental performance was measured using the PROPER rating. Data analysis was performed using linear regression using SPSS 24, accompanied by normality tests, t-tests, and coefficient of determination tests. The results showed that green accounting had a positive and significant effect on financial performance. Environmental performance directly negatively affected financial performance in the short term, indicating environmental compliance costs. However, when environmental performance acted as a moderating variable, the relationship between green accounting and financial performance became stronger, as reflected in an increase in the R-square value of 76.3%. This finding supports stakeholder theory and legitimacy, suggesting that sustainable practices accompanied by good environmental performance can improve the effectiveness of a company's financial performance.
creator: Devia Septyani
creator: Maya Matofani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Devia Septyani, Maya Matofani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 952
ending page: 961
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.633

PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN CITRA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DI BENGKEL ACHMAD MOTOR (BATURAJA)
type: item
description: This research seeks to analyze the influence of service quality and corporate image on customer satisfaction at Achmad Motor Workshop. The study is grounded in the growing number of motorcycle users, which increases the demand for high-standard workshop services and a strong company image to foster customer loyalty. A quantitative method was applied, employing a random sampling technique involving 100 customers of Achmad Motor Workshop during the period of January 2 to 8, 2025. Data were gathered through questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression. The results reveal that both service quality and corporate image significantly and positively impact customer satisfaction, both individually and collectively. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.917 suggests that 91.7% of customer satisfaction variation is attributable to these two factors. It is evident that corporate image plays a more prominent role than service quality in enhancing customer satisfaction. These findings suggest that prioritizing brand image and consistently improving service delivery should be central to Achmad Motor Workshop’s growth strategy.
creator: Ahmad Hafizullah
creator: Defrizal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Hafizullah, Defrizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 962
ending page: 969
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.104

PENGARUH ANALISIS STRATEGI DIGITAL MARKETING DAN KEPERCAYAAN MEREK DALAM MEMBENTUK KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN: STUDI KASUS DI TOKO RODEO RAJANYA KANDANG
type: item
description: This study aimed to analyze the influence of digital marketing strategies and brand trust on purchasing decisions at the Rodeo Rajanya Kandang store. This research employed a quantitative approach, utilizing SPSS software as a data analysis tool. To assess data quality, validity and reliability tests were conducted, followed by a series of classical assumption tests: normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. Hypothesis testing was conducted using a t-test, followed by a coefficient of determination analysis. This study involved 100 respondents, with the entire population being sampled using a saturated sampling technique. Data processing revealed that digital marketing strategies and brand trust have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions at the Rodeo Rajanya Kandang store.
creator: Aldio Farri Reza
creator: Defrizal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aldio Farri Reza, Defrizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 970
ending page: 979
doi: 10.47353/bj.v6i1.578

PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK SKINCARE OVERCLAIM BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
type: item
description: The rapid growth of the skincare industry in Indonesia through e-commerce platforms has given rise to the practice of overclaim, namely excessive or misleading claims regarding product benefits or ingredients, which may harm consumers. This study aims to analyze legal protection for consumers against overclaim practices, as well as the responsibilities of business actors and the role of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM). The research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a literature review. The results indicate that the Consumer Protection Law prohibits misleading information but does not specifically regulate overclaim practices. BPOM holds administrative authority; however, digital supervision remains weak. Consumer compensation may be pursued in both material and immaterial forms based on the Indonesian Civil Code. This study recommends revising the Consumer Protection Law, strengthening BPOM’s supervisory role, and enhancing consumer education. Synergy among the government, business actors, and society is essential to achieve a fair and responsible skincare industry.
creator: Putu Mei Rianti Darminingsih
creator: Komang Febrinayanti Dantes
creator: I Gusti Ayu Apsari Hadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Putu Mei Rianti Darminingsih, Komang Febrinayanti Dantes, I Gusti Ayu Apsari Hadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-04
publication date: 2026-02-04
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 981
ending page: 985
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.64

PERSEPSI PENDENGAR GEN-Z KOTA PALEMBANG PADA IKLAN DI RADIO GLOBAL 101 FM
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the perception of Generation Z (Gen-Z) listeners in Palembang City toward advertisements on Radio Global 101 FM amid the shifting patterns of media consumption in the digital era. As a conventional communication medium, radio faces significant challenges in maintaining its relevance in a landscape dominated by visual and interactive digital platforms. This research employed a qualitative approach using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2019). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Gen-Z informants aged 18–25 years who are active listeners of Radio Global 101 FM. The findings reveal that Gen-Z’s perception of radio advertising is ambivalent. While they appreciate the uniqueness of audio elements—such as jingles, announcer intonation, and sound effects—that foster emotional connection, many consider radio ads less relevant to their digital lifestyles. The analysis identifies three key patterns: (1) the strength of audio as radio’s core identity, (2) a communication gap between conventional advertising formats and young audiences’ expectations, and (3) the importance of message relevance and emotional engagement in enhancing advertising effectiveness. This study concludes that the success of radio advertising among Gen-Z depends on creative, authentic, and contextually relevant audio content. Radio Global 101 FM is encouraged to innovate through storytelling, humor, and cross-platform collaborations to remain engaging and competitive.
creator: Feiza Salsabila Deka
creator: Intan Putri
creator: Annisa Ghina Istighfarany
creator: Andriadi Anugrah Ilahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Feiza Salsabila Deka, Intan Putri, Annisa Ghina Istighfarany, Andriadi Anugrah Ilahi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-05
publication date: 2026-02-05
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 986
ending page: 996
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.636

IMPLEMENTASI PENGARUSUTAMAAN GENDER DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DI KABUPATEN KOTABARU
type: item
description: Gender Mainstreaming is a development strategy aimed at realizing gender equality and justice through the integration of gender perspectives in policies, programs, and activities. This study aims to describe the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming in Kotabaru Regency, identify obstacles, and provide strategic recommendations. Previous research indicates that Gender Mainstreaming at the regional level is generally hampered by minimal institutional capacity, weak cross-sectoral coordination, and budget constraints. However, previous research tends to only highlight macro indicators without examining the sustainability of implementation. These weaknesses are the reason for this study, using gender mainstreaming and good governance theories as an analytical framework. Data collection methods include reference studies of policy documents and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The results show that despite the existence of a Regional Regulation on Gender Mainstreaming in Kotabaru Regency, the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming activities has not been consistent and significant, even halting in the 2023–2024 period. This condition indicates a gap between normative commitment and actual implementation, so that institutional strengthening, coordination across SKPD with vertical agencies and the community, and budget support are needed to ensure program sustainability.
creator: Edgar Bayu Refansyah
creator: Hana Apriliani
creator: Rachmat Hidayat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Edgar Bayu Refansyah, Hana Apriliani, Rachmat Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-05
publication date: 2026-02-05
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 997
ending page: 1003
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.621

PENGARUH DUKUNGAN SOSIAL, KUALITAS PENGAJARAN, DAN PENGEMBANGAN PROFESIONAL TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENGAJAR PADA GURU ANAK USIA DINI
type: item
description: Early childhood education (ECE) plays an important role in the development of children's character and skills. In Indonesia, ECE faces challenges such as a lack of social support and poor teaching quality. This study adopts a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to analyze data from 100 early childhood education teachers in Yogyakarta. The results show a positive relationship between Social Support, Professional Development, and Teaching Quality and Teaching Skills. The path coefficients indicate that social support has the most significant influence, followed by professional development. However, teaching quality shows poor path coefficients, suggesting the need for further evaluation and improvement. The R-squared value reached 74.7%, indicating that the model is significantly capable of explaining the variation in teaching skills. This research emphasizes the importance of building a supportive social environment and providing training opportunities for teachers. Teaching quality metrics need to be improved to support the development of teaching skills. This finding provides a strong foundation for better educational intervention strategies, ensuring every teacher has the necessary resources and support to optimize their teaching skills.
creator: Linda Ardiya Waroka
creator: Sri Ratu Ratna Intan
creator: Munadia
creator: Annisa Putri
creator: Ampun Bantali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Linda Ardiya Waroka, Sri Ratu Ratna Intan, Munadia, Annisa Putri, Ampun Bantali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 1004
ending page: 1016
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.637

UNDANG-UNDANG 16 TAHUN 2019 PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG - UNDANG NOMOR. 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN
type: item
description: The amendment to Law No. 1 of 1974 through Law No. 16 of 2019 equalizes the minimum marriageable age for men and women at 19 years. Observation in Kec. Marindal 1 G. Baru Village aimed to assess the implementation of this rule. The method involved direct observation and informal interviews. Findings reveal some community understanding, but underage marriages still occur. Conclusion: strengthened legal outreach and administrative monitoring are needed to effectively prevent child marriage.
creator: Dewi Robiyanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Robiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 1017
ending page: 1020
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.447

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D SERUM [25(OH)D] AND MORBUS HANSEN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
type: item
description: Morbus Hansen (MH) is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, characterized by anesthesia, peripheral nerve thickening, and the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on bacteriological examination. Vitamin D is known to play an important immunomodulatory role in the immune response to mycobacterial infections. This study aims to review existing research on the relationship between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and Morbus Hansen. A critical analysis was performed on scientific articles retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases, covering publications from the past 10 years that discussed vitamin D levels in patients with Morbus Hansen. Five articles meeting the inclusion criteria for this study. Serum vitamin D levels in Morbus Hansen patients were lower compared to healthy controls and showed a significant association with the clinical type of MH. Patients with the paucibacillary type had higher vitamin D levels than those with the multibacillary type. Vitamin D plays a role in the immune response against Mycobacterium leprae, and vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk and severity of the disease
creator: Oktaviani Eka Puspasari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Oktaviani Eka Puspasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-10
publication date: 2026-02-10
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 1021
ending page: 1028
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.94

IMPLEMENTASI ADAB MEMBACA DAN MENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN TERHADAP SISWA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER QUR’ANI
type: item
description: In today's era, with the rapid development of technology and culture, while it has significantly contributed to the advancement of globalization, many have also become problems for the current generation. In this regard, the application of religious values is actually very helpful in increasing understanding in daily life. As Muslims, we should be concerned about this issue. Therefore, the purpose of this journal is to support the implementation of noble etiquette for students at Qothrun Nada Islamic School. Therefore, the title "Implementation of Etiquette for Reading and Memorizing the Qur'an and the Formation of Qur'anic Character in Students at Qothrun Nada Islamic School" was chosen, with an analytical study.This research is a field research study using qualitative methods, with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The process of implementing the etiquette of memorizing the Qur'an is carried out over a week with activities such as ziyadah (adding new memorization) and muraja'ah (repetition). The method used for memorization is the Tasmi' method (listening and paying attention).
creator: Umi Hasanah
creator: Taufiq Fauzan Ginanjar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Umi Hasanah, Taufiq Fauzan Ginanjar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-10
publication date: 2026-02-10
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 1021
ending page: 1029
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.449

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGUPAHAN DI KOTA TASIKMALAYA PASCA UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA
type: item
description: This study aims to evaluate the implementation of wage policies in Tasikmalaya City following the enactment of the Job Creation Law and Government Regulation No. 51 of 2023. Using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, this study identifies obstacles in enforcing the City Minimum Wage (UMK) standard. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with purposively selected informants, and documentation. The analysis was conducted based on Marilee S. Grindle's policy implementation model, which includes policy content and implementation context variables. The findings show that the implementation of the wage policy has not been optimal due to disparities in interests among actors, limited human and financial resources, and low levels of compliance among business actors. The misalignment between wage formulation and the real cost of living has triggered resistance from worker groups, while the supervisory function of local governments remains co-opted by limitations in administrative authority.
creator: Fariz Mulyana
creator: Cicip Zemi Permadi
creator: Novian Nurmanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fariz Mulyana, Cicip Zemi Permadi, Novian Nurmanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 1030
ending page: 1037
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.118

TINJAUAN LITERATUR: KAJIAN EFEKTIVITAS ANTI JAMUR DAUN SIRIH HIJAU & KUNYIT DALAM PENGOBATAN KEPUTIHAN WANITA
type: item
description: Pathological vaginal discharge is a common reproductive health problem among women, especially in Indonesia, with a prevalence reaching 75%. Conventional treatment for vaginal discharge is often constrained by cost and limited access to healthcare services, making traditional remedies such as green betel leaf decoction and turmeric extract popular alternatives. This study aimed to examine the antifungal effectiveness of green betel leaf decoction and turmeric in significantly reducing pathological vaginal discharge among adolescent to adult women over the long term. The research method employed was a literature review with a systematic search of the Google Scholar database from January 2020 to July 2024 using the keyword “Traditional Medicine for Vaginal Discharge.” From 3,010 initial articles, after screening for duplication and relevance, five articles were selected for descriptive analysis. The results showed that green betel leaf decoction and turmeric extract had high effectiveness in reducing pathological vaginal discharge, as evidenced by a significant decrease in discharge scores (p<0.05) across various age groups of women. Bioactive compounds such as essential oils, flavonoids, and curcumin provide antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities that help restore vaginal microflora balance. In conclusion, green betel leaf decoction and turmeric were effective in significantly reducing pathological vaginal discharge among adolescent to adult women, in accordance with the long-term treatment objectives.
creator: Natanael Priltius
creator: Candrika Kumala
creator: Manahan Situmorang
creator: Nova Indah Bakara
creator: Sri Indriyani Sinaga
creator: Febrina Theresa Manurung
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Natanael Priltius, Candrika Kumala, Manahan Situmorang, Nova Indah Bakara, Sri Indriyani Sinaga, Febrina Theresa Manurung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 1038
ending page: 1044
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.155

PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP BARANG PESANAN YANG TIDAK SESUAI DALAM TRANSAKSI ONLINE MELALUI SHOPEE
type: item
description: In the practice of trading through the Shopee platform electronic system, there are still frequent discrepancies between the goods received by consumers and those agreed upon, both in terms of quality, quantity, and specifications, thus potentially causing losses and legal uncertainty. This study aims to analyze the validity of electronic buying and selling transactions through Shopee and the form of legal protection for consumers against losses that arise. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that transactions through Shopee are valid legal acts as long as they meet the requirements for a valid agreement according to the Civil Code and are recognized in the provisions of the ITE Law and the PP PMSE. Consumer protection is provided preventively through the obligation to provide correct information and repressively through compensation mechanisms and dispute resolution, although its implementation is not yet optimal and still requires strengthening.
creator: Ni Komang Sri Novia Dewi
creator: Ni Made Jaya Senastri
creator: Made Puspasutari Ujianti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Komang Sri Novia Dewi, Ni Made Jaya Senastri, Made Puspasutari Ujianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 1045
ending page: 1052
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.369

PERAN KOMUNIKASI AUDIT AUDITOR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS DATA SEBAGAI PENUNJANG LAPORAN HASIL AUDIT
type: item
description: This paper is a literature review on the Role of Auditor Communication in Improving Data Quality as a Support for Audit Reports. Good communication between auditors and other auditors and with clients is an important thing that must be implemented in carrying out audit activities. The purpose of this Literature Review is to obtain information on the role of communication between auditors and auditors and auditors with their clients in order to obtain data quality as a support in carrying out audits. The results of the study indicate that auditor communication, both visual and non-visual, has a positive influence on audit implementation. This implies that an auditor must be equipped with technical and non-technical communication skills that are relevant to their audit field to facilitate auditors in carrying out their audit activities.
creator: Arifin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arifin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-23
publication date: 2026-02-23
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 1053
ending page: 1061
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.639

KELAYAKAN MENIKAH PADA PEREMPUAN DAYAK DI LERENG PEGUNUNGAN MERATUS
type: item
description: Abstract The normative eligibility for marriage for women is set at a minimum age of 19 years, but its implementation faces challenges in customary law communities that have their own standards of readiness. Marriage for the Dayak people on the slopes of the Meratus Mountains is a complex process involving cultural, economic and psychosocial dimensions. Amidst the tide of modernisation, the criteria for marriage eligibility for Dayak women deserve attention. This qualitative research using an ethnographic approach aims to explore the criteria for marriage readiness for Dayak Meratus women and identify the factors that influence the establishment of these criteria. Data was collected through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with Dayak women, traditional leaders, and family members to understand the gap between formal regulations and local wisdom standards, as well as the factors behind it. The findings show that marriage eligibility for Dayak Meratus women focuses more on physical readiness (ganal awak) and mental readiness (kawa diharap) than age. This is influenced by factors such as the agrarian economic structure that places women as productive units, access to education in mountainous areas, and the social function of marriage as a strategy for strengthening kinship and protecting land. This has a significant impact on the high rate of early marriage in the region.
creator: Yusna Zaidah
creator: Fajariah
creator: Fauziah Hayati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yusna Zaidah, Fajariah, Fauziah Hayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-23
publication date: 2026-02-23
volume: 5
number: 12
starting page: 1062
ending page: 1069
doi: 10.47353/bj.v5i12.625